21 U.S.C. § 1
Section 1 · 1 to 5. Repealed. June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 902(a), 52 Stat. 1059
Applied in 64 court decisions — leading case United States v. Carolene Products Co. (1938)
Most recently applied in United States v. Marcus Nelson (October 2022)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section 1, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3915, 1, 34 Stat. 768, made it unlawful to manufacture adulterated or misbranded foods or drugs in Territories or District of Columbia and provided penalty for violations. See sections 331 and 333 of this title. Section 2, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3915, 2, 34 Stat. 768, prohibited introduction, shipment, delivery or sale of adulterated or misbranded foods or drugs in interstate or foreign commerce, provided penalty for violations and exempted exports conforming to specifications of foreign purchaser and not in conflict with laws of foreign country importing the same. See sections 331, 333 and 381 of this title. Section 3, acts June 30, 1906, ch. 3915, 3, 34 Stat. 768; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, 1, 37 Stat. 736, authorized Secretaries of the Treasury, Agriculture, and Commerce to make uniform rules and regulations for enforcement of food and drug laws, including collection and examination of specimens. See section 371 of this title. Section 4, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3915, 12, 34 Stat. 772, provided that act or omission of officer, agent, and so forth, of corporation, shall be deemed act or omission of corporation. Section 5, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3915, 12, 34 Stat. 772, defined territory and person. See section 321 of this title and section 1 of Title 1, General Provisions.