22 U.S.C. § 11
Section 11 · 11, 12. Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, 1131(38), (39), 60 Stat. 1038
Applied in 163 court decisions — leading case Robert W. Otto v. City of Boca Raton, Florida (2020)
Most recently applied in Deshawn Gervin v. Pamela Florence (June 2025)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 16 U.S.C. § 11 · 12 U.S.C. § 11 · 13 U.S.C. § 11
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section 11, R.S. 1697, 1698, as amended acts Dec. 21, 1898, ch. 36, 1, 2, 30 Stat. 770, 771; May 24, 1924, ch. 182, 16, formerly 9, 43 Stat. 142, renumbered 16 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, 7, 46 Stat. 1208; May 3, 1945, ch. 105, 7, 59 Stat. 103, related to bonds of officers. Section 12, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, 19, formerly 12, 43 Stat. 142; renumbered 19 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, 7, 46 Stat. 1209; May 3, 1945, ch. 105, 8, 59 Stat. 104, related to living, representation, and post allowances.