Law Dictionary

are certain divisions of the country, appointed for particular judges to visit for the trial of causes, or for the administration of justice. See 3 Bl. Com. 58.

I. In old English law. A going way. Circuitus est evitandus: circuity

Circuity is to be avoided. Co. Litt. 384a; Smith, Lead. Cas. (4th Am. Ed.) 20; Wingate, Max. 179; Broom, Leg. Max. (3d London Ed.) 309; 5 Coke, 34; 15 Mees. & W. 208; 5 Exch. 829.

Circuity of action is to be avoided, and it is the duty of good judges to dismiss actions lest an action shall grow out of an action.

A round-about course: indirect action, or procedure. Circuity of action. An indirect or roundabout mode of suing: where a party by an indirect proceeding makes two or more acr tion

Indirectly obtaining, by means of a subsequent action, a result which may be reached in an action already pending. This is particularly obnoxious to the law, as tending to multiply

A printed letter which, according ing sent in the same terms to several

The term “circular economy” has the meaning given such term in section 4201 of this title . / The term "circular economy" means an economy that uses a systems-focused app

Another name for maniacal-depressive insanity, which see. —Partial insanity, as a legal term, may mean either monomania (see infra) or an intermediate stage in the development of m

Similar instruments to "letters of credit." They are drawn by resident bankers upon their foreign correspondents, in favor Of persons traveling abroad. The correspondents must be s

This term Is more comprehensive than the term "money," as it is the medium of exchanges, or purchases and sales, whether it be gold or silver coin, or any other article. Rapalje &

As used -in statutes providing for taxes on the circulation of banks, this term includes all currency or circulating notes or bills or certificates or bills intended to circulate a

In Scotch law. A closing of the period for lodging papers, or doing any other act required in a cause. Paterson, Comp. Circumduction of the Term. The sentence of a judge, declaring

In Scotch practice. The sentence of a judge, declaring the time elapsed within which a proof ought to have been led, and precluding the party from bringing forward any further evid

Act circumspectly. The title of a statute passed 13 Edw. I. A. D. 1285, and so called from the initial words of it, the object of which was to ascertain the boundaries of ecclesias

The particulars which accompany an act; the surroundings at the commission of an act. Though sometimes used in the sense of "fact," a circumstance is a "relative" fact, as distingu

Lat. A circumstance. In omnibus circumstantiis. Bract, fol. 138. Circumstantias, Id. 153.

Whenever circumstantial evidence is relied on to prove a fact, the circumstances must be proved and not themselves presumed.

To establish fraud, it is not necessary to prove it by direct and positive evidence. Circumstantial evidence is not only sufficient, but in most cases it is the only proof that can

See "Tales."

See Tales.

In Scotch law. Any act of fraud whereby a person is reduced to a deed by decreet. Tech. Diet. It has the same sense in the civil law. Dig. 50. 17. 49. 155; Id. 12. 6. 6. 2; Id. 41.

caretta, carretta, I I. In old English

In Anglo-Saxon and old English law a church. —Cirio-bryce. Any violation of the privileges of a church. —Ciric sceat. Church-scot, or shot; an ecclesiastical due, payable on the da

In old English law. Any violation of the privileges of « church.

Church-scot, or shot; an ecclesiastical due, payable on the day of St. Martin, consisting chiefly of corn.

In old English law. Church-seot, or shot; an ecclesiastical due, payable on the day of St. Martin, consisting chiefly of corn.

Any violation of the privileges of a church.

A ceorl (q. v.) Spelman.

I I. In old English law. A chirograph. Ciro^raphatum: chirographed; in the form of a chirograph, v Chirographum, €ista, l. Cist, cyst, cliist, I fr. In civil and old English law. A

Indirectness of remedy by unnecessary litigation.

The term “cis-lunar space” means the region of space from the Earth out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon.

A box or chest for the deposit of charters, deeds, and things of value.

I In civil and old English law. A cistern; a receptacle for rain-water.

In Spanish law. The order of a legal tribunal directing an individual against whom a suit has been instituted to appear and defend it within a given time. It is synonymous with the

A citation or summons to court. Skene de Verb. Sign. voc. "Adjurnatus." CITATIO AD REASSUMENDAM CAUSam. In civil law. The name of a citation, which issued when a party died pending

A citation directed to a dead plaintiff’s heir.

A summons is by natural right. Cases in Banco Regis Wm. III. 453. CITATION (Lat, citare, to call, t6 summon). In Practice. A writ issued out of a court of competent jurisdiction, c

The citation is nothing more than notice to the party to appear at the time specified for the return of the writ of error. And if he appears, it shows that he had notice; and if he

Citations are not to be granted until it is shown concerning what matter the citation ought to be made.

The production of or reference to the text of acts of legislatures, treatises, or cases of similar nature decided by the courts, in order to support propositions advanced. As the k

To summon, to notify to appear in court.

the term “CITES” means the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; / The term “CITES” means the Convention on International Trade in En

the term “CITES Ivory Control System” means the ivory quota and marking system established by CITES to curtail illegal trade in African elephant ivory;

2. In old English law. A city, properly the inhabitants. Ci Titas London habeat omnes antiquas libertates: the city of London shall have all its ancient liberties. In the Roman law

The term “citizen” shall include any individual owing allegiance to the United States, a partnership, company, or association composed in whole or in part of citizens of the United

A citizen of the United States, residing in any state of the union, is a citizen of that state.

An alien who is a citizen of Canada or Mexico, and the spouse and children of any such alien if accompanying or following to join such alien, who seeks to enter the United States u

The term “citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands” means— (A) an individual who qualifies as such under section 8 of the Schedule on Transitional Matters attached to the Constituti

The terms “aircraft”, “citizen of the United States”, “civil aircraft”, “person”, and “public aircraft” have the meanings given those terms by section 40102(a) of title 49 . / The

person,' and 'person,' according to the statutory definition, includes 'corporation.' The same meaning of 'citizen or subject' should be accepted wherever they occur in the section

The term citizens as there used applies only to natural persons, members of the body politic, owing allegiance to the State, not to artificial persons created by the legislature, a

For purposes of this subsection, the terms “citizens band radio service”, “radio control service”, “aircraft station” and “ship station” shall have the meanings given them by the C

The term "citizen science" means a form of open collaboration in which individuals or organizations participate voluntarily in the scientific process in various ways, inc

It may be conceded that a change of citizenship cannot be arbitrarily imposed, that is, imposed without the concurrence of the citizen. The law in controversy does not have that fe

Citizenship is not incompatible with tribal existence or continued guardianship, and so may be conferred without completely emancipating the Indians, or placing them beyond the rea

Such a certificate, including the 'judgment' upon which it is based, is in its essence an instrument granting political privileges, and open like other public grants to be revoked

Conceding that Marchie Tiger, by the act conferring citizenship, obtained a status which gave him certain civil and political rights ... he was still a ward of the nation so far as

An alien friend is offered, under certain conditions, the privilege of citizenship. He may accept the offer and become a citizen upon compliance with the prescribed conditions, but

But it is now held, and has been so held for many years, that if the defendant disputes the allegation of citizenship in the declaration, he must plead the fact in abatement of the

Filipinos then residing in the United States; that by virtue of this provision the respondent was assimilated to the status of an alien for purposes of 'immigration, exclusion, or

"citizens' police academy" means a program by local law enforcement agencies or private nonprofit organizations in which citizens, especially those who participate in nei

Any person who is the surviving spouse, child, or parent of a United States citizen, whose citizen spouse, parent, or child dies during a period of honorable service in an active d

Citizens, voters, and taxpayers, merely as such, of either state, without a showing of any further and proper interest, have no separate individual right to contest in such a suit

The term “citrus” means edible fruit of the family Rutaceae, including any hybrid of such fruits and products of such hybrids that are produced for commercial purposes in the Unite

The term “citrus disease subcommittee” means the subcommittee established under section 3123a(a)(2) of this title .

The term “citrus producer” means any person that is engaged in the domestic production and commercial sale of citrus in the United States.

The term “citrus product” means any processed oranges or grapefruit, or any orange or grapefruit juice, including concentrate.

The term "City" means the city of Durango, Colorado. / The term “City” means the City of Paterson, New Jersey. / The term "city" means the city of Hartford, Con

In American law. A corporate town; a town of the larger or more important class, incorporated, and governed by a mayor and council of aldei-men.* Webster.

A court having jurisdiction only within the city limits.

A court having a local jurisdiction within the city of London. It is to all intents and purposes a county court, having the same jurisdiction and procedure. St. 30 & 31 Vict. c. 14

the term “city pair” means service between an origin and destination city pair;

Sp. In Spanish law, cities; distinguished from towns (pueblos) and villages (villas.) Hart v, Burnett, 15 Cal. 537.

ORDINUM FUGITIVE Those of the religious who deserted their houses, and, throwing off the habits, renounced tbeir particular order in contempt of their oath and other obligations. P

Lat Civil, as distinguished from criminal. Civilis actio, a civll action. Bract fol. 101b.

In this chapter, “civic and cultural activities” includes libraries, musical and dramatic presentations, art exhibits, adult education programs, public meeting places, and other fa

The term “civic engagement” means an individual or collective action designed to address a public concern or an unmet human, educational, health care, environmental, or public safe

Pertaining to a citizen, as civil rights (9- V.) In contradistinction to "barbarous" or "savage," indicates a state of society reduced to order and regular government. Thus, we spe

remand proceedings before the Social Security Administration because a formal complaint remains pending in court and depends on the outcome of the administrative proceeding for its

the term “civil action with respect to prison conditions” means any civil proceeding arising under Federal law with respect to the conditions of confinement or the effects of actio

The term “civil air carrier” means an air carrier (as defined in section 40102(a)(2) of title 49 ) that is issued a certificate of public convenience and necessity under section 41

The terms “aircraft”, “citizen of the United States”, “civil aircraft”, “person”, and “public aircraft” have the meanings given those terms by section 40102(a) of title 49 . / In t

The term "civil aircraft and related articles" means— (A) all aircraft other than aircraft to be purchased for use by the Department of Defense or the United States Coast

“civil aircraft of the United States” means an aircraft registered under chapter 441 of this title.

A tribunal in Ireland vrith a jurisdiction analogous to that of the county courts in England. The judge of it is also chairman of quarter sessions (where the jurisdiction is more e

The term "civil commitment program" means a program that involves— (A) secure civil confinement, including appropriate control, care, and treatment during such confinemen

An insurrection of the people for general purposes, though it may not amount to rebellion where there is an usurped power. 2 Marsh. Ins. 793.

For civil contempts, the punishment is remedial and for the benefit of the complainant, and a pardon cannot stop it.

It is not the fact of punishment, but rather its character and purpose, that often serve to distinguish civil from criminal contempt. The test may be stated as: what does the court

A private business corporation; a municipal corporation.

One of the two classes into which lay corporations are divided; the other division embracing what are termed "eleemosynary" corporations. 3 Steph. Comm. 170. Municipal corporations

A name given to statutes rendering the seller of intoxicating liquors civilly liable to the wife or family of a purchaser of liquor for damage

Those awarded against a liquor-seller to the relative, guardian, or employer of the person to whom the sales were made, on a showing that the plaintiff has been thereby injured in

The mean solar day.

It has been uniformly considered, that banishment, or abjuration, is a civil death of the husband.

The term “civil disorder” means any public disturbance involving acts of violence by assemblages of three or more persons, which causes an immediate danger of or results in damage

For purposes of this section, the term “civil enforcement action” means an administrative or judicial civil action by the Secretary under the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of

proceedings instituted for the purpose of declaring the forfeiture of a man's property by reason of offences committed by him, though they may be civil in form, are in their nature

In this section, the term “civil forfeiture statute”— (1) means any provision of Federal law providing for the forfeiture of property other than as a sentence imposed upon convicti