Law Dictionary

Fr. From time whereof memory runneth not; time out of memory of man. Litt. sect. 143, 145, 170. DE TEMPORE IN TEMPUS ET AD

Fr. From time whereof memory runneth not. Britt. c. 86.

Domains or lands kept in the lord's hands to serve his family. COURT LEET (Law Lat. cuno letae, the court of the leet). A court of record in England, held once or twice in every ye

An old English court presided over by the steward of the leet, having jurisdiction in petty crimes and preliminary examinations.

A court-martial is not yet an independent instrument of justice but remains to a significant degree a specialized part of the overall mechanism by which military discipline is pres

The 62d Article of War, in express words, confers upon a general, or a regimental, garrison, or field officers' court-martial, according to the nature and degree of the offense, ju

The Brotherhood was a conference of seven towns (i. e., the Cinque Ports and two other ancient towns) as to the provision of the necessary ships and as to arranging for the herring

See "Admiralty."

In English law. A court of peculiar constitution, held by a bailiff appointed by the king, in which alone the tenants of the king's demesne could be impleaded. 2 Burrows, 1046; 1 S

In England, one of the two sections of the Supreme Court of Judicature. See Courts of England.

The term “court of appeals” means— (A) the United States court of appeals for the judicial district in which a defendant is being prosecuted; or (B) for a prosecution in the Superi

A court erected by act of congress under the articles of Confederation which preceded the adoption of the constitution. It had appellate jurisdiction in prise causes.

A New York city court for disputes among merchants.

The most inferior of the English ecclesiastical courts, from which an appeal lay to the Consistory Court. The archdeacon formerly held it as a deputy of the bishop. Later it had a

An appellate ecclesiastical court presided over by the Dean of the Arches as the representative of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

A court in Massachusetts organized in 1G30, consisting of the governor, deputy governor and assistants. It exercised the whole power both legislative and judicial of the colony and

The lowest of the three courts held in the forests. The highest court is called "Justice in Eyre's Seat;" the middle, the "Sweinmote;" and the lowest, the "Attachment." Sharswood,

Ecclesiastical courts, in which the primates once exercised in person a considerable part of their jurisdiction. They seem to be now obsolete, or at least to be only used on the ra

A court established by 27 Hen. VIII. c. 27, for managing the revenues and possessions of all monasteries whose income was under two hundred pounds a year (which by an act of parlia

A court of record, in England, with jurisdiction in bankruptcy, primary and appellate, and which is declared a court of law and equity for that purpose. The nature of its constitut

An assembly of the mayors or other chief officers of the principal towns of the Cinque Ports in England, originally administering the chief powers of those ports, now almost extinc

The highest court of appeal in France.

A court of chancery judges of every case according to the peculiar circumstances attending it, and is bound not to suffer an act of injustice to prevail; and in doing this, it conf

or CHANCERY. A court formerly existing in England and still existing in several of the United States, which possesses an extensive equity jurisdiction. The name is said by some to

In English law, An ancient military court, possessing both civil and criminal jurisdiction touching matters of arms and deeds of war. As a court of civil jurisdiction, it was held

Was a court not of record, held before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England. It had jurisdiction, both civil and criminal, in deeds of arms and war, armorial bearing

A United States court for the investigation of claims against the United States.

It is well to observe that the court of claims has no general jurisdiction over claims against the United States, and can take cognizance only of those which, by the terms of some

A United States court established in 1910 and having jurisdiction principally in interstate commerce matters.

The name of certain English courts created by commission under the great seal pursuant to the statute of sewers, (23 Hen. VIII. a 5.)'

In American Law. A court of original and general jurisdiction for the trial of issues of fact and law according to the principles of the common law. Courts of this name still exist

The oldest court in the sinte of New York. Its jurisdiction is unlimited as respects amount, but restricted to the city and county of New York as respects locality. It has also app

The term “court of competent jurisdiction” means a court authorized pursuant to section 6734(a) of this title to adjudicate litigation arising under this subchapter. / the term &qu

In E^nglish ecclesiastical law. A convocation or ecclesiastical synod, which is in the nature of an ecclesiastical parliament. all the bishops, deans, and archdeacons of their prov

There is in each county of Alabama a court of record, styled the "court of county commissioners," composed of the judge of probate, as principal judge, and four commissioners, who

A court composed of judges of the English superior courts which decided questions of law referred to it in pending criminal cases.

An English tribunal composed of delegates appointed by royal commission, and formerly the great court of appeal in all ecclesiastical causes. The powers of the court were, by 2 & 3

A court of equity may grant a rehearing, and vacate, alter, or amend its decree, after an appeal has been perfected and after the time for appeal has expired, but not after expirat

A court of equity, in setting aside a deed of a purchaser upon grounds other than positive fraud on his part, sets it aside upon terms, and requires a return of the purchase money,

An expression applied especially to the court of exchequer chamber and the house of lords, as taking cognizance of error brought. Moz. & W. Diet. 3 Steph. Com. 333. It is applied i

The court of last resort in the state of New Jersey is so named. Formerly, the same title was given to the highest court of appeal in New York. —High court of errors and appeals. T

In English Law. A superior court of record, administering justice in questions of law and revenue. It is the lowest in rank of the three superior common-law courts of record, and h

In English law. A court for the correction and prevention of errors of law in the three superior common-law courts of the kingdom. A court of exchequer chamber was first erected by

See those titles.

In ecclesiastical law. A tribunal, in England, belonging to the archbishop. It does not hold pleas in any suits, but creates rights to pews, monuments, and other mortuary matters.

“Court of Federal Claims judge” means a judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who is appointed under chapter 7 of title 28 or who has served under section 167 of the F

If it appears on its face to be a record of a court of general jurisdiction, such jurisdiction over the cause and the parties is to be presumed unless disproved by extrinsic eviden

In American law. A court of criminal jurisdiction in New Jersey. In English law. A court of criminal jurisdiction, in England, held in each county once in every quarter of a year,

The name given in some of the states (as New York) to a court of genefal original jurisdiction in criminal cases.

A court formerly held in Wales; abolished by 11 Geo. IV. and 1 Wm. IV. c. 70, and the Welsh judicature incorporated with that of England. 3 Steph. Comm. 317, note.

An assembly of the members of the Court of Brotherhood (supra) together with other representatives of the corporate members of the Cinque Porte, invited to sit with the mayors of t

An ecclesiastical court created under the Act of Supremacy, 1 Eliz. c. 1, § 8 (1559). Its duties were to enforce the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity and to deal generally with ecc

A court having jurisdiction to hear and redress injuries or affronts to a man's honor or personal dignity, of a nature not cognizable by the ordinary courts of law or encroachments

In English Law. The county court in the city of London. It is held nominally before the lord mayor, recorder, and aldermen, but the recorder is practically the sole judge. It has a

In English Law. A court sometimes appointed by the crown to ascertain the propriety of resorting to ulterior proceedings against a party charged before a courtmartial. See 2 Steph.

In English law. The principal of the forest courts. It was held before the chief justice in eyre, ar his deputy, to hear and determine all _ trespasses within the forest, and all c

In Scotch law. A court 'of general criminal and limited civil jurisdiction. It consists of the lord justice general, the lord justice clerk, and five other members of the court of

In English law. The supreme court of common law in the kingdom. It is one of the successors of the aula regis, and received its name, it is said, because the king formerly sat in i

"court of last resort" means that State court having the highest and final appellate authority of the State. In States having two or more such courts, court of last resor

The courts of law there are governed by general and established rules, from which they never deviate in any case, be the injustice arising from them ever so apparent; for, they are

A circuit court, however, is of limited jurisdiction: and has cognisance, not of cases generally, but only of a few specially circumstanced, amounting to a small proportion of the

An ancient court of the Cinque Ports, having jurisdiction in maritime matters, and particularly over pilots (lodemen.)

An abolished North Carolina criminal court for the trial of colored persons.

A court which has jurisdiction of all trespasses committed within the verge of the king's court, where one of the parties was of the royal household; and of all debts and contracts

In American law. A court of original civil jurisdiction in the city and county of Philadelphia, held by one of the judges of the supreme court of the state. See, also, "Courts of A

In American law. A court which has jurisdiction of the probate of wills, and the regulation of the management of decedents' estates. Such courts exist in Georgia, New Jersey, South

In English law. The court of the lord mayor and aldermen of London, which has the care of those orpl ans whose parent died in London, and was free of the city. By the custom of Lon

In American law. The name of courts of criminal jurisdiction in several of the states of the American Union, as in Georgia, New Jersey, and New York.

In American law. A court of criminal jurisdiction in the state of Pennsylvania. It is held at the same time with the court of quarter sessions, as a general rule, and by the same j

This court had jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. Abolished by 12 A 13 Vich c. 101, 3 Steph. Comm. 317, note.

An inferior court, possessing a very ancient jurisdiction over causes of action arising within the borough of Liverpool. It appears to have been also called the "borough court of L

In English law. A branch of the court of arches, to which it is annexed. It has jurisdiction of all ecclesiastical causes arising in the peculiars of Canterbury or other dioceses w

An English court of record held by the steward of each fair or market.

A court of the county palatine of Durham, having a local common-law jurisdiction. It was abolished by the judicature act, which transferred its jurisdiction to the high court. Judi

A court established by statute 43 Elis. c. 12, to determine in a summary way all causes between merchants, concorning policies of insurance. Crabb, Eng. Law, 503.

A court of special jurisdiction which took cognizance of cases involving claims made by those insured upon policies in the city of London.

A federal court created by act of Congress in 1891 (26 Sint 854 [U. S. Comp. St 1901, p. 765]), to hear and determine claims hy private parties to lands within the public domain, w

In American Law. A court which has jurisdiction of the probate of wills, and the regulation of the management and settlement of decedents' estates, as well as a more or less extens

See Courts of England. COURT OF QUARTER SESSIONS OF

A minor English court held quarterly in each county by two justices of the peace.

See "Court of King's Bench."

One whose acts and proceedings are enrolled in parchment for a perpetual memorial and testimony. See 34 Cal. 391, 94 Am. Dec. 742.

See REFEREES, Court of; Locus Standi.

A court for the ex-peditation of dogs. See 3 Bl. Comm. 71.

One of the forest courts, held every third year for the lawing or expeditation of dogs. 3 Bl, Com, 72. Crabb's Hist, Eng. Law, 156.

A court, not of record, constituted by act of parliament in the city of London, and other towns, for the recovery of small debts. The ordinary constitution of these courts, which a

The terms “Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review” and “Court of Review” mean the court established under section 1803(b) of this title .

An ancient court in London, of local importance, formerly held in the church from which it took its name,

In Scotch Law. The supreme court of civil jurisdiction in Scotland. The full title of the court is "council and session." It was established in 1425. In 1469 its jurisdiction was t

The supreme civil court of Scotland.

A court held before the lord warden of the Cinque Ports. A writ of error lay from the mayor and jurats of each port to the lord warden in thla court, and thence to the queen's benc

See Stannary Courts.

In English law. A court which was formerly held by divers lords, spiritual and temporal, who were members of the privy council, together with two judges of the courts of common law

A court for the hearing of appeals by owners or masters of ships, from orders for the detention of unsafe ships, made by the English board of trade, under the merchant shipping act

A court held by the freeholders of the forest to try violations of forest laws.

The usual name for the Court of the "Official Principal" of the Archbishop of Canterbury. It was a court of appeal from all the diocesan courts and also a court of first instance i

A court held at the time of a fair or market in England.

In English law. A court of record, to inquire, when any one dies in prison, or comes to a violent or sudden death, by what manner he came to his end. 4 Steph. Comm. 341; 4 Sharswoo

An equity court of special jurisdiction in cases involving lands held of the king in right of the Duchy of Lancaster.

In the reign of William the Conqueror the marshal was next in rank to the constable, in command of the army. When the constable's office ceased, bis duties devolved upon the earl m