Law Dictionary

In admiralty law, affirmative damages are damages which a respondent in a libel for injuries to a vessel may recover, which may be in excess of any amount which the libellant would

In code pleading. New matter constituting a defense; new matter which, assuming the complaint to be true, constitutes a defense to it. Carter v. Eighth Ward 'Bank, 33 Misc. Rep. 12

The term “affirmative dumping determination” means— (A) any affirmative final determination made by the administering authority under section 1673d(a) of this title during the 8-ye

school boards operating such school systems were clearly charged with the affirmative duty to take whatever steps might be necessary to convert to a unitary system in which racial

affirmative words in the Constitution, declaring in what cases the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction, must be construed negatively as to all other cases

One which sets up a single fact, not appearing in the bill, or sets np a number of circumstances all tending to establish a single fact, which fact, if existing, destroys the compl

In pleading. An affirmative allegation implying some negative in favor of the adverse party. For example, if to an action of assumpsit, which is barred by the act of limitations m

Relief, benefit, or compensation which may be granted to the defendant in a judgment or decree in accordance with the facts established in his favor; such as may properly be given

See Affirmative.

In insurance law. A warranty as to existing facts, as distinguished from promissory warranties relating to future conduct.

By way of illustration, and not by way of limitation, we would think affirmative willful attempt may be inferred from conduct such as keeping a double set of books, making false en

Fr. An aflfeeror. See Affeeror.

To attach or annex. See Fixtures. AFF0RCE THE ASSIZE. To compel unanimity among the jurors who disagree. It was done either by confining them without meat and drink, or, more ancie

The term “affixed” means attached to the textile fiber product in any manner.

Affixed.

I. I. In feudal law. One who has given tenant by fealty. Allidata: a woman affianced.

aflert, aflfert, /r. It belongs; it behooves. long. V. Afiert.

possessed or dominated by.

adfines, I. In the civil law. Relations or riage; related by marriage; neighbora who own cent lands.

I. fr. Kindred by marriaga

The confirming or ratifying of a law more particularly the confirmation of a judgment peal; the confirmation or adoption of an act, tion by a person of full age of an act done duri

I. In old English law. To make firm; \to farm out; to aver or state in pleading. Afflrmanti, non neganti, incumbit probatio: the one affirming, not the one denying, in Scots law. T

That which affirms; opposed to that which denies. Afflrmatlve pregnant: an affirmative averment implying a negative in favor of the adverse party. Afflrmative statute: a statute in

I. I. In old English law. To affeer.

or AFFORARE. To estimate, assess, or tax. Kelham; Blount.

Appraised, assessed, or valued. Blount.

To increase or strengthen.

aforcer, I. fr. To strengthen; to increase or add to; to enforce or compel.

In old English practice. A method of securing a verdict, where the jury disagreed, by adding other jurors to the panel until twelve could be found who were unanimous in their opihi

To compel unanimity among the jurors who disagree. It was done either by confining them without meat and drink, or, more anciently, by adding other jurors to the panel to a limited

In old English law. A fortress or stronghold or other fortification. Cowell. The calling of a court upon a solemn or extraordinary occasion. Id.

To increase or strengthen.

Subject to subparagraph (B), the term "affordable connectivity benefit" means a monthly discount for an eligible household applied to the actual amount charged to such ho

The term “affordable cost” means the cost to a Federal agency of leasing office space in a building that is protected by an automatic sprinkler system or equivalent level of safety

For purposes of paragraph (2)(B) the term “affordable for very-low income households” means that rents charged to tenants for units made available for occupancy by low-income famil

The term "affordable housing" means housing that complies with the requirements for affordable housing under subchapter II. The term includes permanent housing for homele

The term “affordable housing discount” means, with respect to any eligible residential or eligible condominium property transferred under this section by the Corporation, the diffe

To convert land into a "forest," in the legal sense of the word. AFFRANCHIR (Law Fr.) To set free. Kelham.

To afforest.

In French law. The right of the inhabitants of a commune or section of a commune to take from the forest the fire-wood which is necessary for their use. Duverger.

See affer .

L. Fr. To set free. Kelham.

To make free.

In criminal law. The fighting of two or more persons in some public place to the terror of the people. 53 Ala. 640; 15 Ark. 204; 57 Mo. App. 502. It differs from a riot in not bein

Affreightment.

Lat. Freighted. Bast. Entr. 409. Towns. PL 50.

where the general owner retains the possession, command, and navigation of the ship and contracts for a specified voyage, as, for example, to carry a cargo from one port to another

Fr. In French law. The hiring of a vessel; affreightment. Called also nolissement. Ord. Mar. liv. 1, tit. 2, art. 2; Id. liv. 3, tit 1, art L

See Affer .

the Court appears concerned that allowing this complaint to proceed could result in a court order requiring the United States to "buil[d] pipelines, pumps, wells, or other water in

One who makes an affidavit v. Deponent.

/. fr. An affeeror. v. Affeeror.

I. In old English lau: Intention; diposition. Affectio tna noinen imponit operi tuo: your disposition gives name to your work or act V. Actus; Affectus.

I. I. In canon and feudal law. A plighting faith; an affiance. Affidatio domlnoram: an lords in parliament.

Fr. Of necessity. l Att. sect. 455. See Fine force.

I. I Belongs; goes to. Afierent: belong.

fr. and eng. The plighting of troth or faith, upon an agreement to marry.

In old commercial law. Blils of lading.

I, I In old English law. An afforcement; a strengthening or adding to; increase. Aforciamentum plegiorum: aforcement of pledges. Aforciamentum distrlctionis: aforcement of a distre

Before mentioned; already spoken of or described. See 20 Mo. 411; 20 Ala. 35.

In criminal law. Premeditation; prepense. See "Malice Aforethought."-

In French law. A formula used in indorsing commercial paper, and equivalent to "without recourse."

By (or from) the stronger reason. Applied to the argument that, because of the concession or establishment of a given proposition, another included in it is by the greater reason t

Arefining of metals. Blount.

An officer in the exchequer, clothed with the duty of examining the sheriffs in respect of their accounts. Usually called the "foreign apposer." Termes de la Ley.

See Citizen; Color, 1; Slavery.

the term “African elephant” means any animal of the species loxodonta africana;

I. To swear to; swear fealty; pledge one's faith. Hence affidavit, oath in before statement that the datus: a tenant by

In connection with time, the word may have an inclusive or exclusive meaning, according to subject matter, context and purpose. See Ann. Cas. 1912A, 796; also 49 L. R. A. 200.

Acquired after a particular date or event. Thus, a judgment is a lien on after-acquired renity, i. e., land acquired by the debtor after entry of the judgmentHughes v. Hughes, 152

Although a testator may, under the above law, dispose by will of after-purchased lands, it is nevertheless necessary that his intention to make such a disposition should clearly ap

The obligation of the company to pay disability benefits in the future is not after-acquired property. It is property which was acquired by Legg long before the adjudication, and f

A mortgage intended to cover after-acquired property can only attach itself to such property in the condition in which it comes into the mortgagor's hands. If that property is alre

At law, they run with the land; and if the covenantor subsequently acquire an outstanding paramount title, it enures by force of the covenant to him who claims under the deed of th

A statute making a will void as to after-barn children means physical birth, and la not applicable to a child legitimated by the marriage of its parents. Appeal of McCulloch, 113 P

See En Vi:mki: Sa Mere; Posthumous Child.

the term “aftercare” means placement, case management and monitoring of the participant in a community-based substance abuse treatment program when the participant leaves the custo

When time is to be computed "after" a certain date, it is meant that such date should be excluded in the computation. Bigelow v. Wilson. 1 Pick. (Mass) 485; Taylor v. Jacoby, 2 Pa.

Discovered or made known after a particular date or event.

next after the indebtedness then existing or then authorized.

The second crop of grass. A right to have the last crop of grass or pasturage. 1 Chit. Prac. 181. AGAINST THE FORM OF THE STATute. Technical words which must be used in framing an

The word has two senses. It may mean the whole time from noon to midnight, or it may mean the earlier part of that time, as distinguished from the evening; 2 El. & Bl. 447, where a

This term as used in a bill payable so many days after sight, means after legal sight; that is, after legal presentment for acceptance. The mere fact of having seen the bill or kno

The term “after-tax income” means, with respect to any taxable year, the gross income of the welfare benefit fund reduced by the sum of— (i) the deductions allowed by this chapter

in reference to,"' "concerning" or "touching" a carrier.

a mens rea requirement, which is not necessary to resolve this case.

expenses of administration, for plainly they are different and distinct things, generally so classified in the settlement of estates of decedents, and so regarded by Congress, as e

all agreements for pecuniary considerations to control the business operations of the Government, or the regular administration of justice, or the appointments to public offices, o

When the act complained of is prohibited by a statute. these technical words must be used in an indictment under it. The Latin phrase is contra formam statuti. State v. Murphy, 15

A technical phrase used in alleging a breach of the peace. See Contra Pacem. State v. Tibbetts, 86 Me 189, 29 Atl. 979.

A technical plrase used in alleging a breach of the peace. See Conrra Paorm.

against the United States and no one else.

Technical words which must be used in framing an indictment for robbery from the person. 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 244. In the statute of 13 Edw. I. (Westminster II.) c. 34, the oflfense of

An Impression or image of anything on a seaL Cowell.

An award. AGARDER (Law Fr.) To award, adjudge, or determine; to sentence, or condemn.

L. Fr. To award, adjudge or determine; to sentence or condemn.

Lat. (You go to the court.) In English practice. A writ which lies at common law, to remove a cause from an inferior court not of record, such as a hundred court, or court baron, i

old age" when teamed with "discrimination," the provision of an affirmative defense when age is a bona fide occupational qualification readily shows that "age" as a qualification m

The period of life at which persons become legally competent to do certain acts or perform certain functions which for want of age they are before incompetent to do or perform; the

The term "age-appropriate" means suitable (in terms of topics, messages, and teaching methods) to the developmental and social maturity of the particular age or age group