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Mass Tort Law

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Mass tort law deals with cases in which a large number of people are injured by the same product, drug, device, or event. Like class actions, mass torts group many claims together, but they treat each plaintiff's injury as individual rather than identical.

Common examples include harm from prescription drugs, medical implants, defective consumer products, industrial accidents, and environmental contamination. Because the people affected may have very different injuries, medical histories, and damages, mass tort cases are often handled in a coordinated way while still preserving each person's separate claim.

Key concepts a non-lawyer should understand include the difference between a mass tort and a class action: in a class action the class is treated as one unit, while in a mass tort each plaintiff's case is evaluated on its own facts. Courts often consolidate many similar cases before one judge for efficiency, and early sample trials can help the parties gauge the strength and value of the broader group of claims.

People typically become involved after being injured by a product or substance that has also harmed others, sometimes prompted by news coverage or advertising. Consulting a lawyer helps an injured person understand whether their specific situation fits within an existing mass tort and what proving an individual claim would involve.

Share of classified federal decisions

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share of classified federal decisions

Of the federal decisions we've classified by topic, the share each year that fall under this practice area — so a persistently high line means this is a large, enduring share of federal litigation. This is not a share of all litigation: only part of the corpus is topic-classified (unevenly across eras), and an opinion can belong to several areas, so areas need not sum to 100%. State cases are largely unclassified, so this is federal only. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years — not a real decline.

Circuit splits in mass tort

Legal questions the federal courts of appeals are divided on — each links to the cases creating the split.

From the OpenJurist Bookshop

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Related practice areas

Product Liability LawToxic Tort LawClass Action LitigationConsumer Fraud and Deceptive PracticesFair Credit Reporting LawFalse Advertising LawHealth Care LawIdentity Theft Law

Primary law

The governing U.S. Code, statutes and founding documents for Mass Tort Law.

Key definitions

Defined terms that recur in mass tort law — each links to its dictionary entry.

TortClass ActionDamagesNegligenceCausationProximate CausePunitive DamagesCompensatory DamagesStatute Of LimitationsRes Ipsa LoquiturTort Feasor

Frequently asked questions

Mass Tort Law by state

Courts, law libraries and state-specific resources. State law governs much of this area, so deadlines and rules vary by state.

Further reading

  • Torts, Law Essentials: Governing Law for Law School and Bar Exam Prep - Paperback
    Torts, Law Essentials: Governing Law for Law School and Bar Exam Prep - Paperback
    Sterling Test Prep
  • The Law of Private Nuisance - Hardcover
    The Law of Private Nuisance - Hardcover
    Allan Beever
  • Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software - Hardcover
    Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software - Hardcover
  • Mass Tort Secrets: The Playbook for Growing Your Mass Tort Business - Paperback
    Mass Tort Secrets: The Playbook for Growing Your Mass Tort Business - Paperback
    Terry Dunken
  • Causation in the Law - Paperback
    Causation in the Law - Paperback
    H. L. A. Hart
  • Nation of Lawyers - Hardcover
    Nation of Lawyers - Hardcover
    Carl Arthur Henlein
  • Changing the Game: Strategies for Life, Business, and the Practice of Law - Hardcover
    Changing the Game: Strategies for Life, Business, and the Practice of Law - Hardcover
    Darren A. Miller
  • Understanding the Law of Obligations: Essays on Contract, Tort and Restitution - Paperback
    Understanding the Law of Obligations: Essays on Contract, Tort and Restitution - Paperback
    Andrew Burrows
  • Tort Law in Germany - Paperback
    Tort Law in Germany - Paperback
    Oliver Rieckers
  • The Measure of Injury: Race, Gender, and Tort Law - Hardcover
    The Measure of Injury: Race, Gender, and Tort Law - Hardcover
    Martha Chamallas
  • Tort Law and Social Morality - Paperback
    Tort Law and Social Morality - Paperback
    Peter M. Gerhart
  • Handling a Personal Injury Auto Accident Claim from Car Wreck to Settlement Check: An Attorney Training Manual That Goes Step by Step Through a Mock P - Paperback
    Handling a Personal Injury Auto Accident Claim from Car Wreck to Settlement Check: An Attorney Training Manual That Goes Step by Step Through a Mock P - Paperback
    Clarence B. Leatherbury
  • Fault Lines: Tort Law as Cultural Practice - Paperback
    Fault Lines: Tort Law as Cultural Practice - Paperback
  • Confronting Racism: Integrating Mental Health Research into Legal Strategies and Reforms - Paperback
    Confronting Racism: Integrating Mental Health Research into Legal Strategies and Reforms - Paperback
    Robert T. Carter
  • Causation in Negligence - Paperback
    Causation in Negligence - Paperback
    Sarah Green
  • The Widow Wave: A True Courtroom Drama of Tragedy at Sea - Hardcover
    The Widow Wave: A True Courtroom Drama of Tragedy at Sea - Hardcover
    Jay W. Jacobs
  • General Principles Of The Law Of Torts (1907) - Paperback
    General Principles Of The Law Of Torts (1907) - Paperback
    John Charles Townes
  • Remedies for Torts - Paperback
    Remedies for Torts - Paperback
    Francis Hillard
  • Federal Tort Claims Act: Volume 1 - Paperback
    Federal Tort Claims Act: Volume 1 - Paperback
    Landmark Publications
  • The Law Of Remedies For Torts: Or Private Wrongs (1867) - Paperback
    The Law Of Remedies For Torts: Or Private Wrongs (1867) - Paperback
    Francis Hilliard
  • Frontiers of Liability: Volume 1 - Paperback
    Frontiers of Liability: Volume 1 - Paperback
  • Key Ideas in Trusts Law - Paperback
    Key Ideas in Trusts Law - Paperback
    Nicholas McBride
  • Transport Law in Hong Kong - Paperback
    Transport Law in Hong Kong - Paperback
    Ping-Fat Sze
  • The Liability Century: Insurance and Tort Law from the Progressive Era to 9/11 - Hardcover
    The Liability Century: Insurance and Tort Law from the Progressive Era to 9/11 - Hardcover
    Kenneth S. Abraham

This overview is general legal information, not legal advice, and does not create an attorney–client relationship. Laws vary by state and change over time — consult a licensed attorney about your situation.