18 U.S.C. § 2725
Section 2725 · Definitions
This is § 300002 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Amended 2 times on record
Applied in 90 court decisions — leading case Pichler v. UNITE (2008)
Most recently applied in Kathryn Knowlton v. City of Wauwatosa (October 2024)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
In this chapter—
(1) “motor vehicle record” means any record that pertains to a motor vehicle operator's permit, motor vehicle title, motor vehicle registration, or identification card issued by a department of motor vehicles;
(2) “person” means an individual, organization or entity, but does not include a State or agency thereof;
(3) “personal information” means information that identifies an individual, including an individual's photograph, social security number, driver identification number, name, address (but not the 5-digit zip code), telephone number, and medical or disability information, but does not include information on vehicular accidents, driving violations, and driver's status.1
(4) “highly restricted personal information” means an individual's photograph or image, social security number, medical or disability information; and
(5) “express consent” means consent in writing, including consent conveyed electronically that bears an electronic signature as defined in section 106(5) of Public Law 106–229.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
References in Text
Section 106(5) of Public Law 106–229, referred to in par. (5), is classified to section 7006(5) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
Amendments
2000—Pars. (4), (5). Pub. L. 106–346 added pars. (4) and (5).