20 U.S.C. § 2302
Section 2302 · Definitions
Current version, with additions and removals from the August 14, 2008 version.
Unless otherwise specified, in this chapter:
Unless otherwise specified, in this chapter:
The term “administration”, when used with respect to an eligible agency or eligible recipient, means activities necessary for the proper and efficient performance of the eligible agency or eligible recipient’s duties under this chapter, including the supervision of such activities. Such term does not include curriculum development activities, personnel development, or research activities.
The term “administration”, when used with respect to an eligible agency or eligible recipient, means activities necessary for the proper and efficient performance of the eligible agency or eligible recipient’s duties under this chapter, including the supervision of such activities. Such term does not include curriculum development activities, personnel development, or research activities.
The term “articulation agreement” means a written commitment—
that is agreed upon at the State level or approved annually by the lead administrators of—
a secondary institution and a postsecondary educational institution; or
a subbaccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution and a baccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution; and
to a program that is—
designed to provide students with a nonduplicative sequence of progressive achievement leading to technical skill proficiency, a credential, a certificate, or a degree; and
linked through credit transfer agreements between the 2 institutions described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) (as the case may be).
The term “articulation agreement” means a written commitment—
that is agreed upon at the State level or approved annually by the lead administrators of—
a secondary institution and a postsecondary educational institution; or
a subbaccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution and a baccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution; and
to a program that is—
designed to provide students with a nonduplicative sequence of progressive achievement leading to technical skill proficiency, a credential, a certificate, or a degree; and
linked through credit transfer agreements between the 2 institutions described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) (as the case may be).
The term “career and technical student organization” means an organization for individuals enrolled in a career and technical education program that engages in career and technical education activities as an integral part of the instructional program.
An organization described in subparagraph (A) may have State and national units that aggregate the work and purposes of instruction in career and technical education at the local level.
The term “career and technical student organization” means an organization for individuals enrolled in a career and technical education program that engages in career and technical education activities as an integral part of the instructional program.
An organization described in subparagraph (A) may have State and national units that aggregate the work and purposes of instruction in career and technical education at the local level.
The term “out-of-school youth” has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.
The term “out-of-workforce individual” means—
an individual who is a displaced homemaker, as defined in section 3102 of title 29; or
an individual who—
has worked primarily without remuneration to care for a home and family, and for that reason has diminished marketable skills; or
is a parent whose youngest dependent child will become ineligible to receive assistance under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) not later than 2 years after the date on which the parent applies for assistance under such title; and
is unemployed or underemployed and is experiencing difficulty in obtaining or upgrading employment.
The term “paraprofessional” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
Subject to subparagraph (B), the term “pay for success initiative” means a performance-based grant, contract, or cooperative agreement awarded by a State or local public entity (such as a local educational agency) to a public or private nonprofit entity—
in which a commitment is made to pay for improved outcomes that result in increased public value and social benefit to students and the public sector, such as improved student outcomes as evidenced by the indicators of performance described in section 2323(b)(2) of this title and direct cost savings or cost avoidance to the public sector; and
that includes—
a feasibility study on the initiative describing how the proposed intervention is based on evidence of effectiveness;
a rigorous, third-party evaluation that uses experimental or quasi-experimental design or other research methodologies that allow for the strongest possible causal inferences to determine whether the initiative has met its proposed outcomes;
an annual, publicly available report on the progress of the initiative; and
a requirement that payments are made to the recipient of a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement only when agreed upon outcomes are achieved, except that the entity may make payments to the third party conducting the evaluation described in subclause (II).
The term “pay for success initiative” does not include any initiative that—
reduces the special education or related services that a student would otherwise receive under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.]; or
otherwise reduces the rights of a student or the obligations of an entity under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), or any other law.
The term “postsecondary educational institution” means—
an institution of higher education that provides not less than a 2-year program of instruction that is acceptable for credit toward a bachelor’s degree;
a tribally controlled college or university; or
a nonprofit educational institution offering certificate or other skilled training programs at the postsecondary level.
The term “professional development” means activities that—
are an integral part of eligible agency, eligible recipient, institution, or school strategies for providing educators (including teachers, principals, other school leaders, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, and paraprofessionals) with the knowledge and skills necessary to enable students to succeed in career and technical education, to meet challenging State academic standards under section 6311(b)(1) of this title, or to achieve academic skills at the postsecondary level; and
are sustained (not stand-alone, 1-day, or short-term workshops), intensive, collaborative, job-embedded, data-driven, and classroom-focused, to the extent practicable evidence-based, and may include activities that—
improve and increase educators’—
knowledge of the academic and technical subjects;
understanding of how students learn; and
ability to analyze student work and achievement from multiple sources, including how to adjust instructional strategies, assessments, and materials based on such analysis;
are an integral part of eligible recipients’ improvement plans;
allow personalized plans for each educator to address the educator’s specific needs identified in observation or other feedback;
support the recruitment, hiring, and training of effective educators, including educators who became certified through State and local alternative routes to certification;
advance educator understanding of—
effective instructional strategies that are evidence-based; and
strategies for improving student academic and technical achievement or substantially increasing the knowledge and teaching skills of educators;
are developed with extensive participation of educators, parents, students, and representatives of Indian Tribes (as applicable), of schools and institutions served under this chapter;
are designed to give educators of students who are English learners in career and technical education programs or programs of study the knowledge and skills to provide instruction and appropriate language and academic support services to those students, including the appropriate use of curricula and assessments;
as a whole, are regularly evaluated for their impact on increased educator effectiveness and improved student academic and technical achievement, with the findings of the evaluations used to improve the quality of professional development;
are designed to give educators of individuals with disabilities in career and technical education programs or programs of study the knowledge and skills to provide instruction and academic support services to those individuals, including positive behavioral interventions and supports, multi-tier system of supports, and use of accommodations;
include instruction in the use of data and assessments to inform and instruct classroom practice;
include instruction in ways that educators may work more effectively with parents and families;
provide follow-up training to educators who have participated in activities described in this paragraph that are designed to ensure that the knowledge and skills learned by the educators are implemented in the classroom;
promote the integration of academic knowledge and skills and relevant technical knowledge and skills, including programming jointly delivered to academic and career and technical education teachers; or
increase the ability of educators providing career and technical education instruction to stay current with industry standards.
The term “program of study” means a coordinated, nonduplicative sequence of academic and technical content at the secondary and postsecondary level that—
incorporates challenging State academic standards, including those adopted by a State under section 6311(b)(1) of this title;
addresses both academic and technical knowledge and skills, including employability skills;
is aligned with the needs of industries in the economy of the State, region, Tribal community, or local area;
progresses in specificity (beginning with all aspects of an industry or career cluster and leading to more occupation-specific instruction);
has multiple entry and exit points that incorporate credentialing; and
culminates in the attainment of a recognized postsecondary credential.
The term “qualified intermediary” means a nonprofit entity, which may be part of an industry or sector partnership, that demonstrates expertise in building, connecting, sustaining, and measuring partnerships with entities such as employers, schools, community-based organizations, postsecondary institutions, social service organizations, economic development organizations, Indian tribes or Tribal organizations, and workforce systems to broker services, resources, and supports to youth and the organizations and systems that are designed to serve youth, including—
connecting employers to classrooms;
assisting in the design and implementation of career and technical education programs and programs of study;
delivering professional development;
connecting students to internships and other work-based learning opportunities; and
developing personalized student supports.
The term “recognized postsecondary credential” has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.
The term “secondary school” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Education.
The term “specialized instructional support personnel” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
The term “specialized instructional support services” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
The term “special populations” means—
individuals with disabilities;
individuals from economically disadvantaged families, including low-income youth and adults;
individuals preparing for non-traditional fields;
single parents, including single pregnant women;
out-of-workforce individuals;
English learners;
homeless individuals described in section 11434a of title 42;
youth who are in, or have aged out of, the foster care system; and
youth with a parent who—
is a member of the armed forces (as such term is defined in section 101(a)(4) of title 10); and
is on active duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d)(1) of such title).
The term “State”, unless otherwise specified, means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each outlying area.
The term “support services” means services related to curriculum modification, equipment modification, classroom modification, supportive personnel (including paraprofessionals and specialized instructional support personnel), and instructional aids and devices.
The term “tribally controlled college or university” has the meaning given the term in section 1801(a) of title 25.
The term “tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution” means an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1001 of this title, except that subsection (a)(2) of such section shall not be applicable and the reference to Secretary in subsection (a)(5) of such section shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary of the Interior) that—
is formally controlled, or has been formally sanctioned or chartered, by the governing body of an Indian Tribe or Indian Tribes;
offers a technical degree or certificate granting program;
is governed by a board of directors or trustees, a majority of whom are Indians;
demonstrates adherence to stated goals, a philosophy, or a plan of operation, that fosters individual Indian economic and self-sufficiency opportunity, including programs that are appropriate to stated Tribal goals of developing individual entrepreneurships and self-sustaining economic infrastructures on reservations or tribal lands;
has been in operation for at least 3 years;
holds accreditation with or is a candidate for accreditation by a nationally recognized accrediting authority for postsecondary career and technical education; and
enrolls the full-time equivalent of not less than 100 students, of whom a majority are Indians.
The term “Tribal organization” has the meaning given the term “tribal organization” in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
The term “universal design for learning” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
The term “work-based learning” means sustained interactions with industry or community professionals in real workplace settings, to the extent practicable, or simulated environments at an educational institution that foster in-depth, firsthand engagement with the tasks required in a given career field, that are aligned to curriculum and instruction.