A Dictionary of Law

ov, In mercantile law. To hire or lease a vessel fora voyage. A “chartered” is distinguished from a “seeking” ship. 7 East, 24.

2. Aninstrument emanating from the sovereign power, in the nature of a grant, either to the whole nation, or to a class or portion of the people, or to a colony or dependency, and

A ship hired or freighted; a ship which is the subject-matter of a charter-party.

Inmereantilelaw. One who charters (#. ¢., hires or engiges) a vesselforavoyage; afreighter. 2Steph. Comm. 184; 38 Kent, Comm. 137.

Formerly a convent of Carthusian monks in London; now a college founded and endowed by Thomas Sutton. The governors of the charter-house are a corporation aggregate without a head,

Otherwise called “book-land,” is property held by deed under eértain rents and free services. It, in effect, differs nothing from the fres socage lands, and hence have arisen most

In English law. An instrument under the great seal, by which a pardon is granted to a man fora felony or other offense.

Sea

(For returning the charters.) An ancient writ which lay against one who had charters of fecffment intrusted te his keeping and refused to deliver them. Reg, Urig. 159.

These are Magna Charta and Charta de Foresta. Chartarum super fidem, mortuis testibus, ad patriam de necessitudine recurrendum est. Co. Litt. 36. The witnesses being dead, the trut

In old European law. A keeper of reeords or publie instrumenis; a chartulary; a registrar. Spelman.

In old English law. A plow. Bestes des eharues; beasts of the plow.

Purity; continenee. That virtue which prevents the unlawful intercourse of the sexes. Also the state of purity or abstinence from unlawful sexual connection.

An article of personal property; any species of property not amounting to a freehold or fee in land. The name given to things which in law are deemed personal property. Chattels ar

A homicide committed in the heat of an affray and while under the iniluence of passion; it is thus distinguished from chunce-medley, which is the killing of a man in a casual afira

A kind of tenure mentioned in a patent of 35 Kdw. Il. Cowell; Blount.

Money paid to the crown by the servants or purchasers of chauntry-lands. See CHANTRY.

Swindling; defrauding, “Deceitful practices in defrauding or endeavoring to defraud another of his known right, by some wiliful device, contrary to the plain rules of common honest

or ESCHEATORS, were officers appointed to look after the king’s escheats, a duty which gave them great opportunities of fraud and oppression, and in con- Bequence many complaints w

ve. To control or restrain; to hold within bounds. To verify or audit. Particularly used with reference to the control or supervision of one department, bureau, or office over anot

n. A draft or order upon a bank or banking-house, purporting to be drawn upon a deposit of funds, for the payment at all events of a certain sum of money stuntly on demand. 2 Danie

The old Scotch form of exehequer.

In Englishlaw. A list or book, containing the names of sucli as are attendants on, or in the pay of, the queen or other great personages, as their household servants,

Inold frenchlaw. The privilege or perogative of the eldest, <A provincial term derived from ehemie7, (g. 0.) Guyot, Inst,

Inold French law. The eldest born. <A term used in Poitou and other places. Guyot, Inst.

The road wherein every man goes; the king’s highway.

In old Scoteh law. A. chief dwelling or mansion house.

(1) An assessment or tax; (2) a tenant of land was said to cesse when he neglected or ceased to perform the services due to the lord. Co. Litt. 8732, 3808.

<A sum of money paid by villeins to their lords in acknowledgment of their bondage. Chevage seems also to have been used for asum of money yearly given to a man of power for his co

In old records. Pieces of ground, or heads at the end of plowed lands. Cowell.

An agreement or composition; an end or order set down between a creditor or debtor; an indirect gain in point of usury, ete.; also an unlawful bargain or contract. Wharton.

A homestead or homesfall which is accessory to a house.

Swindling; shrewd cunning, The use of tricks and artifice.

Principal; leading; head; eminent in power or importance; the most important or valuable of several. Declaration in chief is a ileclaration for the principal cause of action. 1 Tid

TENANT IN. In English feudal law. All the land in the kingdom was supposed to be holden mediately or iminediately of the king, whe was atyled the “Lord Paramount,” or “Lord Above A

The presiding judge of the inglish court of exchequer; answering to the chief justice of other courts, 3 Bi. Comm. 44; 3 Steph. Comm. 401.

‘The principal clerical oilicer of a bureau or department, who is generally charged, subject to the direction of his superior oflicer, with the superintendence of the administratio

The judge of the London bankruptcy court is so called.

The presiding, eldest, or principal judge of a court of justice.

The presiding judge in the queen’s bench division of the high court of justice, and, in the absence of the lord chancellor, president of the high court, and also an ew officio judg

In old English law. <A high judicial officer and special magistrate, who presided over the aula regis of the kirgdom, and, by virtue of his office, guardian of the realm in the kin

The immediate lord of the fee, to whom the tenants were directly and personally responsible.

Tho worsholder, or chiet of the borough. Spelman.

In English law. Were the annual payments of freeholders of manors; and were also called “quit-rents,” because by paying them the tenant was freed from all other rents or services.

In feudal law. A small rent paid to the lord paramount,

This word has two meanings in law: (1) In the law of the domestic relations, and as to descent and distribution, it is used strictly as the correlative of “parent,” and means a son

In Saxon law, The right which a lord had of taking a fine of his bondwoman gotten with child without his license. Termes de la Ley; Cowell.

In English law. The stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds is a nominal office in the gift of the crown, usually accepted by members of the house of commons desirous of vacating thei

In old Englishlaw. A road, way, highway. It is either the queen’s highway (chiminus reyinw) or a private way. The first is that over which the subjects of the realm, and al) others

A toll for passing on a way through a forest; called in the civil law “pedagium.” Cowell.

The way by which the king and all his subjects and all under his protection have a right to pass, though the property of the svil of each side where the way lieth may belong toa pr

or HEARTH

In old English law. A tax upon trade; a toll imposed upon trafic, or upon goods brought to a place to be sold.

CHIRCHGEMOT. In Saxon law. An ecclesiastical assembly or court. Spelman. A synod or meeting ina chureh or vestry. 4 Inst. 321.

In old English law. A deed or indenture; also the last part of a fine of land. An instrument of gift or conveyance attested by the subscription and crosses of the witnesses, which

In Romanlaw. Writings emanating from a single party, the debtor.

In English law. The title of the officer of the common pleas who engrossed fines in that court so as to be acknowledged into a perpetual record. Cowell. a person’s own hand. An obl

The ancient denomination of a surgeon.

In feudal law. Knightservice. Tenure in chivalry was the same as tenure by knight-service. 2 Bl. Comm. 61, 62.

COURT OF. In English law. The name of a court anciently held as a court of honor merely, before the earl-marshal, and as a criminal court before the lord high constable, jointly wi

In Roman law. The name of an important court consisting of a body of one hundred and five judges. It was made up by choosing three representatives from each of the thirty-five Roma

A word mentioned in 9 Hen. VI. c. 65, by the sense of which it was in those days a kind of trade, and by the judges declared to be lawful. But Brooke, in his abridgment, says it wa

The mouth of a harbor. Pub St. Mass. 1882, p. 1288.

In ancient times a person admitted to sit and worship in the choir; a chorister.

In old European Mi

A thing in possession, as distinguished from a thing in action. See CHosE IN AcTION. Taxes and customs, if paid, are a chose in possession; if unpaid, a chose in action. 2 Bl. Comm

A localthing; a thing annexed to a place, asa mill. Kitehin, fol. 318; Cowell; Blount.

Under the municipal organization of the state of New Jersey, each county has a hoard of ollicers, called by this name, composed of representatives from the cities and townships wit

A thing which is movable, and may be taken away or carried from place to place. Cowell; Blount.

In Hindu law. A fourth, a fourth part of the sum in litigation. The “Mahratti chout” is a fourth of the vevenues exacted as tribute by the Mahrattas.

Under the Salic law. This was a ceremony performed by a person who was too poor to pay his debt or fine, whereby he applied to a rich relative to pay it for him. It consisted (afte

Pertaining to Jesus Christ or the religion founded by him; professing Christianity. The adjective is also used in senses more remote from its original meaning. Thus a “court Christ

The court Christian. An ecclesiastical court, as opposed to a civil or lay tribunal. Cowell,

The religion found ed and established by Jesus Christ. Christianity has been judicially declared to be a part of the common luw:

The baptismal! name distinct from the surname. It has been said from the bench that a Christian name may consist of a single letter. Wharton.

A festival of the Christian church, observed on the 25th of December, in memory of the birth of Jesus Christ.

In maritime law. <A certificate of the registration of a vessel according tothe registry acts, for the purpose of giving her a national character. dO Steph. Comm, 274; 6 Kent, Comm

That branch of the science of political economy which relates to the production of wealth.

In practice. An obsolete writ, which could formerly have been sued out when the defendant had for two years ceased or neglected to perform such service or to pay such rent as he wa

Lat. The others being silent; the other judges oxpressing no opinion. Comb, 180.

When a@ limited administration has been granted, and all the property cannot be administered under it, administration caterorwm (as to the residue) may be granted.

In its most general sense, the religious society founded and established by Jesus Christ, to receive, preserve, aud propagate his doctrines and ordinancea., A body or community of

Statates passed in England in and since the year 1818, with the object of extending the accommodation aiforded by the national church, so as to make it more commensurate with the w

The statute 38 & 4 Vict. ¢. 86, containing regula. tions for trying clerks in holy orders charged with offenses against ecclesiastical law, and for enforcing sentences pronounced i

In old Englishlaw. A certain portion or measure of wheat, anciently paid tothe church: on St. Martin’s day; and which, according to Fleta, was paid as well in the time of the Brito

The Chureh of England is a distinct branch of Christ’s church, and is also an institution of the atate, (see the first clause of Jfagna Charta,) of which the sovereign is the supre

In English law. A sum assessed for the repair of parochial ehurches by the representatives of the parishioners in vestry assembled.

A church warden; an overseer of a church. Now obsolete. Cowell.

In old English jaw. times purchased an exemption for themselves and their tenants.

A apecies of ecclesiastical officers who are intrusted with the care and guardianship of the church buildingand property. ‘These, with the rectorand vestry, represent the parish in

In Saxon law. <A freeman of inferior rank, chiefly employed in husbandry. 1 Reeve, Eng. Law, 5. A tenant at will of free condition, who held land from a thane, on condition of rent

Lat. Inthecivil law. Food; victuals. Dig. 34, 1,

These societies are formed in England under 3 & 4 Wm. LV. ¢. 14, to enable the industrious classes fo muke provisions for themselves by purchasing, on advantageous terms, a governm

Non decipitur qui scit se decipl. 5 Coke, 60. He is not deceived who kuows himself to be deceived,

Five (now seven) ports or havens on the south-east coast of England, towards France, formerly esteemed the most important in the kingdom. They are Dover, Sandwich, Romney, Hastings

A magistrate who has the jurisdiction of the ports or havens which are called the “Cinque Ports,” (g. 0.) This office was first created in England, in imitation of the Roman policy

Inold English law. An obsolete writ, which commanded a sheriff or steward of a county court or hundred court to receive and admit an aitorney to appear for the person whovuwed suit

An old English law term for the stocks, an instrument in which the wrists or ankles of petty offenders were confined.

A tribute anciently paid to the bishop or arehbishop for visiting churehes. Du Fresne.