Black's Law Dictionary

An entry of public lands under the various acts of congress opening portions of the public domain to settlement and to the acquisition of title by the settlers on condition of the

A service by which tenants were bound to carry timber felled from the woods to the lord's house. Cowell.

Oak, ash, elm, in all places, and, by local custom, such other trees as are used in building. 2 Bl. Comm. 281.

The measure of duration. The word is expressive both of a precise point or terminus and of an interval betwcen two points. In pleading. A point in or space of duration at or during

A certificate signed by a master mechanic or other person in charge of laborers, reciting the amount due to the labarer for labor for a specified time. Burlington Voluntary Relief

Time whereof the memory of a man is not to the contrary.

In English law. Time commencing from the beginning of the reign of Richard I. 2 Bl. Comm. 31. Lord Coke defines time of memory to be "when no man alive hath had any proof to the co

The length of time necessary to establish a right claimed by prescription or a title by prescription. Before the act of 2 & 3 Wm. IV. c. 71, the possession required' to constiinte

Time beyond memory; time out of mind ; time to which memory does not extend.

In fire insurance, one made for a defined and limited time, as, one year. In marine insurance, one made for a particular period of time, irrespective of the voyage or voyages upon

A case in which "time is of the essence of the contract" is one where the parlies evidently contemplated a punctual performance, at the precise time named, as vital in the agreemen

An aristocracy of property; government by men of property who are possessed of a certain income.

7 Coke, 17. Fears which do not assail a resolute man are to be acoounted vain.

Is a custom regulating the manner in which tin is obtained from waste-land or land which has formerly been waste-land, within certain districte in Cornwall and Devon. , The custom

L. Fr. A place where justice was administered. Kelham.

Sax. In old forest law. A petty officer of the forest who had the care of vert and venison by night, and performed other servile duties.

In old records. Brush-wood and thorns for fencing and hedging. Cowell; Blount

The ancient parliament or annual convention in the Isle of Man, held upon Midsummer-day, at St. John's chapel. Cowell.

Fishermen who destroyed the young fry on the river Thames by nets and uniawful engines. Cowell.

In old Scotch law. The sea-mark; high-water maria Tide-mouth. Skene.

A tribute paid for the llberty of digging in tin-mines. Cowell.

In Scotch law. The loss of the feu, from allowing two years of feu duty to run into the third unpaid. Belli

A convict who bas obtained a ticket of leave.

A place where intoxicating drinks are sold in drams or small quantities to be drunk on the premises, and whore men resort for drinking purposes. See Leesburg v. Putnam, 103 Ga. 110

In English law. An officer appointed by the marshal of the king's bench to attend upon the judges with a kind of rod or staff tipped with silver, who take into their custody all pr

Exempted from the payment of tithes.

One who gathers tithes.

A rent-charge established in lieu of tithes, under the tithes commutation act, 1836, (St. 6 & 7 Wm. IV. c. 71.) As between landlord and tenant, the tenant paying the tithe rent-cha

In English law. The tenth part of the increase, yearly arising and renewing from the profits of lands, the stock upon lands, and the personal industry of the inhabitants. 2 Bl. Com

One of the civil divisions of England, being a portion of that greater division called a "hundred." It was so called bscause ten freeholders with their families composed one. It is

In Saxon law. This was the name of the head or chief of a decennary. In modern English law, he is the same as an under-constable or peace-officer. In modern law. A constable. "Afte

In Saxon and old English law. Money paid to the sheriff by the several tlthlngs of his county. Cowell.

In Roman law. A proper name, frequently used in designating an indefinite or fictitious person or a person referred to by way of illustration. "Titius" and "Seius," in this use, co

The radical meaning of this word appears to be that of a mark, style or designation; a distinctive appellation; the name by which anything is known. Thus, in the law of persons, a

A prescriptive title ; one which is indefeasible because of the expiration of the time prescribed by the stainte of limitations for the bringing of actions to test or defeat it. Se

Deeds which constitute or are the evidence of title to lands.

See Insurance.

The distinctive appellation by which any cause in court, or other juridical proceeding, is known and discriminated from others.

The heading, or introductory clause, of a statute, wherein is briefly recited its purpose or nafure, or the subject to which it relates. —Title of clergymen, (to orders.) Some cert

That preliminary clause of a declaration which states the name of the court and the term to which the process is returnable.

The right to enter upon lands Cowell.

A title to real estate, evidenced and provable by one or more conveyances or other instruments ali of which are duly entered on the public land records.

In English ecclesiastical law. a title to orders is a certificate of preferment or provision required by the thirty-third canon, in order that a person may be admitted into holy or

In Spanish law. Title. White, New Recop. b. 1, tit. 5, c. 3, § 2.

Persons who in Scotland, after the Reformation, obtained grants from the crown of the monasteries and priories then erected into temporal lordships. Thus the titles formerly held b

Lat In the civil law. Title ; the source or ground of possession; the means whereby possession of a thing is acquired, whether such possession be lawful or not. In old ecclesiastic

8 Coke, 153. A title is the just right of possessing that which is our own; it is so calied from "tuendo," defending.

The name given to one who js rightly a guardian in socage, in contradistinction to a tutor alienus.

This is a word of exclusion, when used in describing premises; it excludes the terminus mentioned. Montgomery v. Reed, 69 Me. 514.

In feudal law. A towel. There is a tenure of lands by the service of waiting with a towel at the king's coronation. Cowell.

Any person, firm or corporation whose business it is to manufacture cigars, snuff or tobacco in any form. Act of congress of July 13, 1866, § 9; 14 St. at Large, 120.

A place or pieco of ground on which a house formerly stood, which has been destroyed by accident or decay. 2 Broom & II. Comm. 17.

In old English law. The owner of a toft. Cowell; Spelman.

Lat. In Roman law. Advocates; so called under the empire because they were required, when appearing in court to plead a cause, to wear the toga, which had then ceased to be the cus

The words In a conveyance which show the estate intended to be conveyed. Thus, in a conveyance of land in fee-simple, the grant is to "A. and his heirs, to have and to hold the sai

A sign or mark; a material evidence of the existence of a fact Thus, cheating by "false tokens" implies the use of fabricated or deceitfully contrived material objects to assist th

A conventional medium of exchange consisting of pieces of metal, fashioned in the shape and size of coins, and circulating among private persons, by consent, at a certain value. No

The allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state which are contrary to or different from, those of the established church or belief. Webster. —Toleration act. Th

The statute 1 W. & M. St. 1, c. 18, for exempting Protestant dissenters from the penalties of certnin laws is so called. Brown.

n. In English law. Toll means an excise of goods; a seizure Ot some part for permission of the rest. It has two significations: A liberty to buy and sell within the precincts of th

Payment of toll; money charged or paid as toll; the liberty or franchise of charging toll

Words constantly associated with Saxon and old English grants of liberties to the lords of manors. Bract, fols. 56, 104b, l24b, 154b. They appear to have imported the privileges of

A prison; a customhouse; an exchange; also the place where goods are weighed. Wharton.

A vessel by which the toll of corn for grinding is measured.

One who collects tribute or taxes.

Lat. In the civil law. To lift up or raise; to elevate; to build up.

Take away the will, and every action will be indifferent Bract, fol. 2.

The officer who takes or collects toll.

In a general sense, tolls signify any manner of chstoms, subsidy, prestation, imposition or sum of money demanded for exporting or importing of any wares or merchandise to be taken

An old excise; a duty paid by tenants of some manors to the lord for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell.

In English law. A toll for passing through a highway, or over a ferry or bridge. Cowell. A toll paid to a town for such a number of beasts, or for every beast that goes through the

In English law. A toll for passing over a private man's ground. Cowell. A toll for passing over the private soil of another, or for driving beasts across his ground. Cro. Eliz. 710

In English law. A toil on beasts returning from a market. 1 Crabb, Real Prop. p. 101, § 102. A toll paid at the return of beasts from fair or market, though they were not sold. Cow

The same as "tollbooth." Also & place where merchants meet; a local tribunal for small civll causes held at the Guildhall, Bristol.

A writ whereby a cause depending in a court baron was taken and removed into a county court. Old Nat Brev. 4

In old English law. Wrong; rapine; extortion. Cowell.

A measure of weight; differently fixed, by different statutes, at two thousand pounds avoirdupois, (1 Rev. St N. Y. 609, § 35,) or at twenty hundred-weights, each hundred-weight be

The capacity of a vessel for carrying freight or other loads, calculated in tons. But the way of estimating the tonnage varies in different countries. In England, tonnage denotes t

In English law. A duty imposed by parliament upon merchandise exported and imported, according to a certain rate upon every ton. Brown. In American law. A tax luid upon vessels acc

When the rent reserved by a mining lease or the like consists of a royalty on every ton of minerals gotten in the mine, it is often called a "tonnage-rent" There is generally a dea

See Tonnage Duty.

In old English law. A custom or impost upon wines and other merchandise exported or imported, according to a certain rate per ton. Spelman; Cowell.

In old English law. The quantity of a ton or ton, in a ship's freight or bulk, for which tonnage or tun-nage was paid to the king. Cowell.

In old Scotch law. A thief-taker.

Lat In old English law. A shaving or polling; the having the crown of the head shaven; tonsure. One of the peculiar badges of a clerk or clergyman.

In old English law. A being shaven; the having the head shaven; a shaven head. 4 Bl. Comm. 367.

Every exception not watched tends to assume the place of the principle,

In French law. A species of association or partnership formed among persens who are in receipt of perpetual or life annuities, with the agreement that the shares or annuities of th

In criminal pleading. Technical words necessary in an indictment for simple larceny.

The usual meaning of the word "tool" is "an instrument of manual operation ;" that is, an instrument to be used and managed by the hand instead of being moved and controlled by mac

In Scetch law. An annual rent out of a house built in a burgh. Whishaw. A duty which, from the act 1551, c. 10, appears to have been due from certain lands in Edinburgh, the nature

Insurance against injuries to crops, timber, houses, farm buildings, and other property from the effects of tornadoes, hurricanes, and cyclones. Other componnd and descriptive term

Wrong; injury; the opposite of right So called, according to Lord Coke, because it is wrested, or crooked, being contrary to that which is right and straight. Co.. Litt 158b. In mo

A wrong-doer; one who commits or is guilty of a tort.

Wrongful; of the nature of a tort. Formerly cortain modes of conveyance (e. g., feoffments, fines, etc.) had the effect of passing not merely the estate of the person making the co

The torture or wresting of laws is the worst [kind of torture.] 4 Bacon's Works, 434.

In old criminal law. The question; the Infliction of violent bodily pain upon a person, by means of the rack, wheel or other engine, under judicial sanction and superintendence, in

Originally a nickname for the wlld Irish in Ulster. Afterwards given to, and adopted by, one of the two great parliamentary parties which have alternately governed Great Britain si

In old English practice, A word written by the foreign opposer or other officer opposite to a debt due the king, to denote that it was a good debt; which was hence said to be totte

In Lat In the old reports. The whole court.