Black's Law Dictionary

In reference to municipal corporations, and especially to their powers of taxation, a "corporate purpose" is one which shall promote the general prosperity and the welfare of the m

An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state or nation, composed, in seme rare instances, of a single person and his successors, be

In English law. The statute 13 Car. II. St. 2, c. 1; by which it was provided that no person should thereafter be elected to office in any corporate town that should not, within on

Certain courts in Virginia described as follows: "For each city of the sinte, there shall be a court called a 'corporation court,' to be held by a judge, with like qualifications a

In English law. Those which have existed beyond the memory of man, and therefore are looked upon in law to be well created, such as the city of London.

A member of a corporation aggregate. Grant, Corp. 48.

A term descriptive of such things as have an objective, materini existence; perceptible by the senses of sight and touch; possessing a real body. Opposed to incorporeal and spiritu

See Hereditaments.

Such as affects the senses, and may be seen and handled by the body, as opposed to incorporeal property, which cannot be seen or handled, and exists only in contemplation. Thus a h

Lat. By the body and by the mind; by the physical act and by the mental intent. Dig. 41, 2, 3.

In international law. Ambassadors and diplomatic persons at any court or capital.

The dead body of a human being.

(Lat.) Body; the body; an aggregate or mass, (of men, laws or articles 0 physical substance, as distinguished from intellectual conception; the principal sum or capital, as disting

In English law. A feast instituted in 1264, in honor of the sacrament. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 2L Corpus humanum non recipit aestimationem. The human body does not admit of valuation. Hob

The body of a county. The whole county, as distingnished from a part of it, or any particular place in it U. S. v. Crush, 5 Mason, 290, Fed. Cas. No. 15,268.

A corporation ; a corporate body, other than municipal.

(The body with the cause.) An English writ which issued out of chancery, to remove both the body and the record, touching the cause of any man lying in execution upon a judgment fo

The body of a crime. The body (material substance) upon which a crime has been committed, e. g., the corpse of a murdered man, the charred remains of a house burned down. In a deri

A body of law. A term used to signify a book comprehending several collections of law. There are two principal collections to which this name is given; the Corpus Juris Civilis, an

The body of the canon law. A compilation of the canon law, comprising the decrees and canons of the Roman Church, constituting the body of ecclesiastical law of that church.

The body of the civil law. The system of Roman jurisprudence compiled and codified under the direction of the emperor Justinian, in A. D. 528-534. This collection comprises the Ins

In old records. Body for body. A phrase expressing the liability of manucaptors. 3 How. State Tr. 110.

Discipline; chastisement administered by a master or other person in authority to one who has committed an offense, for the purpose of curing his faults or bringing him into proper

A prison for the reformation of petty or juvenile offenders.

In old English law. A clerk belonging to the staple, to write and record the bargains of merchants there made.

In Spanish law. A magistrate who took cognizance of various misdemeanors, and of civll matters. 2 White, New Recop. 53.

Lat. In the civll law. Costipulators; joint stipulators. —Correi credendi. In the civil and Scotch law. Joint creditors ; creditors tn solido. Poth. Obi. pt. 2, c. 4, art. 3, § 11,

In the civil and Scotch law. Joint creditors ; creditors tn solido. Poth. Obi. pt. 2, c. 4, art. 3, § 11,

In Scotch law. Two or more persons bound as principal debtors to another. Ersk. Inst. 3, 3,

Having a mutual or reciprocal relation, in such sense that the existence of one necessarily implies the existence of the other. Father and son are correlative terms. Right and duty

Interchange of written communications. The letters written by a person and the answers written by the one to whom they are addressed.

To strengthen; to add weight or credibility to a thing by additional and confirming facts or evidence. Still v. State (Tex. Cr. It.) 50 S. W. 355; State v. Hicks, 6 S. D. 325, 60 N

Evidence supplementary to that already given and tending to strengthen or confirm it; additional evidence of a different character to the same point. Gild-ersleeve v. Atkinson, 6 N

Strengthening or confirming evidence; additional evidence of a different character adduced in support of the same fact or proposition. Code Civ. Proc. Cal. § 1839.

Illegality; a vicious and fraudulent intention to evade the prohibitions of the law. The act of an official or fiduciary person who unlawfully and wrongfully uses his station or ch

In English law. This was the consequence of attainder. It meant that the attainted person could neither inherit lands or other hereditaments from his ancostor, nor retain those he

Ancient armor which covered the body.

A mortuary, thus termed because, when a mortuary became due on the dcath of a man, the best or second-best beast was, according to custom, offered or presented to the priest, and c

In Saxon law. The morsel of excoration. A species of ordeal in use among the Saxons, performed by cating a piece of bread over which the priest had pronounced a certain imprecation

The name of the legislative assemblies, the parliament or congress, of Spain and Portugal.

The bark of a tree; the outer covering of anything.

A court or yard before a house. Blount.

In old records. A yard adjoining a country farm.

A rent in wheat or malt paid on college leases by direction of St. 18 Eliz. c. 6. 2 Bl. Comm. 609

In French law. Gratuitous labor exacted from the villages or communities, especially for repairing roads, constructing bridges, etc. State v. Covington, 125 N. C. 641, 34 S. E. 272

In Spanish law. A cause or matter adjudged, (res judicata.) White, New Recop. b. 3, tit. 8, note.

In Spanish law. A term corresponding to the res communes of the Roman law, and descriptive of such things as are open to the equal and common enjoyment of all persons and not to be

In feudal law. A custom or tribute,

In old English law. Kindred ; cousinship. Also a writ that lay for the heir where the tresail, i. e., the father of the besail or great-grandfather, was seised of lands in fee at h

In old English law. To cheat. "A cosening knave." 3 Lcon. 171.

In old English law. An offense, mentioned in the old books, where anything was done deceitfully, whether belonging to contracts or not, which could not be properly termed by any sp

In old English law. A feudal prerogative or custom for lords to lie and feast themselves at their tenants' houses. Cowell.

Clean. Blount.

A term used by Europeans In India to denote a road-measure of about two miles, but differing in different parts. Wharton.

The cost of an article purchased for exportation is the price paid, with all incidental charges paid at the place of exportation. Goodwin v. U. S., 2 Wash. C. O. 493, Fed. Cas. No.

A band given by a party to an action to secare the eventual payment of such costs as may be awarded against him.

A book in which a number of adventurers who have obtained permission to work a lode, and have agreed to share the enterprise in certain proportions, enter the agreement, and from t

A joint promisor.

A pecuniary allowance, made to the successful party, (and recoverable from the losing party,) for his expenses in prosecuting or defending a suit or a distinct proceeding within a

Increased costs, costs of increase. Cosis adjudged by the court in addition to those assessed by the jury. Day v. Woodworth, 13 How. 372, 14 L. Ed. 181. Those extra expenses incurr

Costs which are incurred in preparing for the trial of a cause on a specified day, consisting of witnesses' fees, and other fees of attendance. Archb. N. Prac. 281.

When an order is made by an appellate court reversing a judgment, with "costs to abide the event," the costs intended by the outer include those of the appeal, so that, it the appe

In Spanish law. Chstom ; an unwritten law established by usage, during a long space of time. Las Partidas, pt 1, tit 2, 1. 4.

Joint sureties; two or more sureties to the same obligation.

A cot or hut. Blount

In old English law. A cottage.

In old English law. A cottager, who held in free socage, and paid a toted fine or rent in provisions or money, with seme occasional personal services.

Anciently, a kind of peasantry who wore outlaws: robbers. Blount.

In feudal law. A servile tenant, who held in mere vlllenage; his person, issue, and goods were disposable at the lord's pleasure.

A fashionable association or a knot of persons forming a particular circle. The origin of the term was purely commercial, signifying an association, in which each member furnished

In old records. A place where there is no wood.

In old English law. Land held by a cottager, whether in socage or vlllenage. Cowell.

In old English law. The llttle seat or mansion belonging to a small farm.

The seat of a cottage with the land belonging to it. Speiman.

A cottager or cottage-holder who held by servile tenure and was bound to do the work of the lord. CowelL

In English law. A small dwelling-house that has no laud belonging to it. Shep. Touch. 94; Emerton v. Selby, 2 Ld. Raym. 1015; Scholes v. Hargreaves, 5 Term, 46; Hubbard v. Hubbard,

A species of tenancy in Ireland, constituted by an agreement in writing, and subject to the following terms: That the tenement consist of a dwelling-house with not more than half a

Receipts given for each bale of cotton received on storage by a public warehouse. Fourth Nat. Bank v. St. Louis Co.tton Compress Co.., 11 Mo. App 337.

Coat armor.

A term used in Domesday for peasants, boors, husbandmen.

Lying down; squatting. Couch ant and levant (lying down and rising up) is a term applied to animals trespassing on the land of one other than their owner, for one night or longer.

A factor who continues abroad for traffic, (37 Edw. III. a 16;) also the general book wherein any corporation, etc., register their acts, (3 & 4 Edw. VI. a 10.)

An action which lay in favor of a person who bad given or promised a thing without consideration. (causa.) Dig. 12, 7; Co.d. 4, 9.

An assembly of persons for the purpose of concerting measures of state or municipal policy; hence called "councillors." In American law. The legislative body in the government of c

By the Act 30 & 31 Viet. c. 105, power is given for the crown to grant licenses for the torma-tion of councils of conciliation and arbitration, consisting of a certain number of ma

Under the English judicature act, 1873, § 75, an annual council of the judges of the supreme court is to be held, for the purpose of considering the operation of the new practice,

A court instituted by Henry VIII. in 1537, to administer justice in Yorkshire and the four other northern counties. Under the presidency of Stratford, the court showed great rigor,

1. In practice. An advocate, counsellor or pleader. 3 Bl. Comm. 26; 1 Kent, Comm. 307. One who assists his client with advice, and pleads for him in open court. See Counsellor. Cou

An advocate or barrister. A member of the legal profession whose special function is to give counsel or advice as to the legal aspects of judicial controversies or their preparatio

This ls required, in some jurisdictions, to be affixed to pleadings, as affording the court a means of judging whether they are interposed in good faith and upon legal grounds.

(Fr. comte; from the Latin comes.) An earL n. In pleading. The different parts of a declaration, each of which, if it stood alone, would constitute a ground for action, are the cou

In old English law. The most eminent dignity of a subject before the Co.nquest. He was præfectus or prœpositus comitatus, and had the charge and custody of the county; but this aut

In old English law. Credit; estimation. Wharton. Also, encouragement; aiding and abetting. Co.oper v. Johnson, 81 Mo. 487.

adj. Adverse; antagonistic; opposing or contradicting; contrary. Silli-man v. Eddy, 8 How. Prae, (N. Y.) 122. —Counter-affidavit. An affidavit made and presented in contradiction o

An affidavit made and presented in contradiction or opposition to an affidavit which is made the basis or support of a motion or application.

In old practice. A bond of indemnity. 2 Leon. 90.

A claim presented by a defendant in opposition to or deduction from the claim of the plaintiff. A species of set-off or recoupment Introduced by the codes of civll procedure in sev

A secret writing, either before a notary or under a private seal, which destroys, invalidates, or alters a public one.

In criminal law. To forge; to copy or imitate, without authority or right, and with a view to deceive or defraud, by passing the copy or thing forged for that which is original or

Co.in not genuine, but resembling or apparently intended to resemble or pass for genuine coin, including genuine coin prepared or altered so as to resemble or pass for coin of a hi