Black's Law Dictionary

One certifying that no contagious or infectious disease exists, or certifying as to healthy conditions generally without exception or reservation.

It is a rule of equity that a plaintiff must come with "clean hands," i. e., he must be free from reproach in his conduct. But there is this limitation to the rule: that his conduc

One without exception or reservation as to the place or manner of stowage of the goods, and importing that the goods are to be (or have been) safely and properly stowed under deck.

Plain; evident; free from doubt or conjecture; also, unincumbered; free from deductions or draw-backs. —Clear annual valne. The net yearly value to the possessor of the property, o

In maritime law. A document in the nature of a certificate given by the collector of customs to an outward-bound vessel, to the effect that she has complied with the law, and is du

The net yearly value to the possessor of the property, over and above taxes, interest on mortgagee, and other charges and deductions. Groton v. Boxborough, 6 Mass. 56; Marsh v. Ham

The devise of an annuity "dear" means an annuity free from taxes (Hodgworth v. Crawley, 2 Atk. 376) or free or clear of legacy or inheritance taxes. In re Bispbam's Estate, 24 Wkly

If a certain number of clear days be given for the doing of any act, the time is to be reckoned exclusively, as well of the first day as the last. Rex v. Justices, 3 Bam. & Aid. 58

Evidence which is positive, precise and explicit, as opposed to ambiguous, equivocal, or contradictory proof, and which tends directly to establish the point to which it is adduced

The departure of a vessel from port, after complying with the customs and health laws and like local regulations. In mercantile law. A method of making exchanges and settling balan

An Institution organized by the banks of a city, where their messengers may meet dally, adjust balances of accounts, and receive and pay differences. Crane v. Bank, 173 Pa. 566, 34

One which is not subject to any incumbrance. Roberto v. Bassett, 105 Mass. 409.

In old Scotch practice. A solemn form of words prescribed by law, and used in criminal cases, as in pleas of wrong and unlaw.

In canon law. The collection of decretals or constitutions of Pope Clement V., made by order of John XXII., his successor, who published it in 1317.

An inn of chancery. See Inns of Chancery.

In old Scotch law. To clear or acquit of a criminal charge. Literally, to cleanse or clean,

The whole body of clergymen or ministers of religion. Also an abbreviation for "benefit of clergy." See Benefit. —Regular clergy. In old English law. Monks who lived secundum regul

In old English law. Admitting of clergy or benefit of clergy. A clergyable felony was one of that class in which clergy was allowable. 4 Bl. Comm. 371-373.

Pertaining to clergymen; or pertaining to the office or labar of a clerk. —Clerical error. A mistake in writing or copying; the mistake of a clerk or writer. 1 Ld. Raym. 183, —Cler

In old English law. The clerical privllege; the privilege or benefit of clergy.

See Clerical.

The having the head shaven, which was formerly peculiar to clerks, or persons in orders, and which the coifs worn by Serjeants at law are supposed to have been introduced to concea

Clerks of the chancery. Clerici non ponantur in officiis. Co. Litt 96. Clergymen should not be placed in offices; i. e., in secuiar offices. See Lofft, 508.

The six clerks in chancery. 2 Reeve, Eng. Law, 251.

1 Rolle. A clergyman shouid not be appointed to two churches.

See Admittendo Clerico.

A writ for the delivery of a clerk out of prison, who was taken and incarcerated upon the breach of a statute merchant Reg. Orig. 147.

An ancient writ, that lay for the delivery to his ordinary of a clerk convicted of felony, where the ordinary did not challenge him according to the privllege of clerks. Reg. Orig.

A writ directed to those who had thrust a bailiwick or other office upon one in holy orders, charging them to release him. Reg. Orig. 143.

In Roman law. A minister of religion in the Christian church; an ecclesiastic or priest Cod. 1, 3; Nov. 3, 123, 137. A general term, including bishops, priests, deacons, and others

2 Inst 58. Clergymen, husbandmen, and merchants, in order that they may preach, cultivate, and trade, enjoy peace in time of war.

In old English law. Clerk of the market. 2 Inst. 543. —-Clericus parochialis. In old English law. A parish clerk.

In Spanish law. Clergy; men chosen for the service of God. White, New Recop. b. 1, tit 5, ch. 4.

In ecclesiastical law. A person in holy orders; a clergyman; an individual attached to the ecclesiastical state, and who has the clerical tonsure. See 4 Bl. Comm. 366, 367. In prac

In English law. An assistant to the clerk of assise.

In English law. Officers who officiate as associates on the circuits. They reconi nil judicial proceedings done by the judges on the circuit.

An officer of a court of justice who has charge of the clerical part of its business, who keeps its records and seal, issues process, enters judgments and orders, gives certified c

In English law. The former chief officer of the English enrollment office, (q. v.) He now forms part of the staff of the central office.

See Crown Office in Chancery.

An important officer of the English house of commons. He is appointed by the crown as under-clerk of the parliaments to attend upon the commons. He makes a declaration, on entering

The overseer or superintendent of a public market. In old English law; he was a quasi judicial officer, having power to settle controversies arising in the market between persons d

One of the chief officers of the house of lords. He is appointed by the crown, by letters patent. On entering office he makes a declaration to make true entries and records of the

In English law. An officer whose duties are to officiate at sessions of the peace, to prepare indictments, and to record the proceedings of the justices, and to perform a number of

An officer in the English exchequer, who entered every seller's bill on the parchment rolls, the roll of receipts, and the roll of disbursements.

See Petty Bag.

There are four of these officers, who attend the lord pnvy seal, or, in the absence of the lord privy seal, the principal secretary of state. Their duty is to write and make out al

An officer, in England, whose duty it is to attend on the king's principal secretary, who always has the custody of the privy signet, as well for the purpose of sealing his majesty

The period which must be spent by a law-student in the office of a practising attorney bsfore admission to the bar. 1 Tidd, Pr. 61, et seq. In re Dunn, 48 N. J. Law, 359, 39 Am. Re

Officers attached to the central criminal court in England, and to each circuit. They prepare and settle indictments against offenders, and assist the clerk of arraigns.

Officers formerly attached to the English court of chancery, whose duties consisted principally in sealing bills of complaint and writs of execution, filing affidavits, keeping a r

Lat. In the Roman law. A client or dependent. One who depended up-fjh another as his patron or protector, adviser or defender, in suits at law and other difficulties; and was bound

A person who employs or retains an attorney or counsellor, to appear for him in courts, advise, assist, and defend him in legal proceedings, and to act for him in any legal busines

In old English law. Cll-entship, the state of a client; and, correlatively, protection, patronage, guardianship.

An inn of chancery. See Inns of Chancery.

In Saxon law. The son of a king or emperor. The next heir to the throne; the Saxon adeling. Spelman.

A gaol; a prison or dungeon.

adj. In practice. Closed or sealed up. A term applied to writs and letters, as distinguished from those that are open or patent —Close copies. Copies of legal documents which might

Copies of legal documents which might be written closely or loosely at pleasure; as distinguished from office copies, which were to contain only a prescribed number of words on eac

One in which the directors and officers have the power to fill vacancies in their own number, without allowing to the general body of stockholders any choice or vote in their elect

In admiralty law, this nautical term means the arrangement or trim of a vessel's sails when she endeavors to make a progress in the nearest direction possible towards that point of

Rolls containing the reconi of the close write (literœ clauses) and grants of the king, kept with the public records. 2 Bl. Comm. 346.

In game and fish laws, this term means the season of the year in which the taking of particular game or fish is prohibited, or in which all hunting or fishing is forbidden by law.

In English law, a name given to certain, letters of the sovereign, sealed with his great seal and directed to particular persons and for particular purposes, which, uot being prope

In English law. Certain letters of the king, sealed with his great seal, and directed to particular persons and for particular purposes, which, not being proper for public inspecti

The procedure in deliberative assemblies whereby debate Is closed. Introduced in the English parliament in the session of 1882.

An outstanding claim or incumbrance which, if valid, would affect or impair the title of the owner of a particular estate, and which apparently and on its face has that effect, but

A valley. Also an allowance for the turn of the scale, on buying goods wholesale by weight.

Common law procedure, in reference to the English acts so entitled.

A voluntary, unincorporated association of persons for purposes of a social, literary or political nature or the like. A club is not a partnership. 2 Mees. & W. 172. The word "club

Rule of violence; reguia-tion by force; the law of arms.

In old English law. A shield; metaphorically one of a noble family. Clypei prostrati, noble famllies extinct Mat. Paris, 463.

Such as accords with the rules, customs, and usages of the port where the discharge is made.

Estates which owe their origin and existence to the custom of the manor in which they are held. 2 Bl. Comm. 149.

In English law. A variety of copyhold estate, the evidences of the title to which are to be found upon the court rolls; the entries declaring the holding to be according to the cus

See Interpretation.

Such as are due by ancient custom or prescription only.

Tenants holding by custom of the manor.

A prefix to words, meaning "with" or "in conjunction" or "joint;" e. g., co-trustces, co-executors. Also an abbreviation for "county," (Gilman v. Sheets, 78 Iowa, 499, 48 N. W. 299

Coach is a generic term. It is a kind of carriage, and is distinguished from other vehicles, chiefly, as being a covered box, hung on leathers, with four wheels. Turnpike Co. v. Ne

An assistant, helper or ally; particularly a person appointed to assist a bishop who from age or Infirmity is unable to perform his duty. Olcott v. Ga-bert, 86 Tex. 121, 23 S. W. 9

One who is a joint administrator with one or more others.

A uniting or combining together of persons; a conspiracy. 9 Coke, 56.

In French law. An unlawful agreement among several persons not to do a thing except ou some conditions agreed upon; particularly, industrial combinations, strikes, etc.; a conspira

A species ot promissory note, formerly in use In the port of London, containing the phrase "value received in coals." By the statute 3 Gco. II. c. 26, §§ 7, 8, these were to be pro

One of two or more assignees of the same subject-matter.

The edge or margin of a country bounding on the sea. It is held that the term includes small Islands and rcefs naturally connected with the adjacent land, and rising above the surf

A term applied to vessels plying exclusively between domestic ports, and usually to those engaged in domestic trade, as distinguished from vessels engaged in foreign trade and plyi

In English law. A body of officers and men raised and equipped by the commissioners of the admiralty for the defense of the coasts of the realm, and for the more ready manning of t

In maritime law. Commerce and navigation between different places along the coast of the United States, as distinguished from commerce with ports in foreign countries. Commercial i

See Coast.

Vessels "plying coastwise" are those which are engaged in the domestic trade, or plying between port and port in the United States, as contradistinguished from those engaged in the

Heraldic ensigns, introduced by Richard I. from the Holy Land, where they were first invented. Originally they were painted on the shields of the Christian knights who went to the

In medical jurisprudence. A method of serum-diagnosis of insanity from hæmolysis (breaking up o the red corpuscles of the blood) by injections of the venom of cobras or other serpe

To place the yards of a ship at an angle with the deck. Pub. St. Mass. 1882, p. 1288.

In English law. A seal belonging to the custom-house or rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the officers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant that their

A name which used to be given to the judicial committee of the privy council, the council-room being built on the old cockpit of Whitehall Place.

A boatman; a cockswain. Cowell.

Collect on delivery. These letters are not cabalistic, but have a determinate meaning. They import the carrier's liability to return to the consignor either the goods or the charge

A collection or compendium of laws. A complete system of positive law, scientifically arranged, and promulgated by legislative authority. Johnson v. Harrison, 47 Minn. 575, 50 N. W

The code which embodies the civil law of France. Framed in the first instance by a commission of jurists appointed in 1800. This code, after having passed both the tribunate and th