A New Law Dictionary and Glossary

Lat. In old European law, A gild or company. Spelman, voc. Geldum, This word is of frequent occurrence in the laws of the Franks, Lombards, and other early nations of Europe. Id. i

A rent payable by any gild or fraternity. Blount.

Fr. A cheat or deceiver. Applied in Britton to those who sold false or spurious things for good, as pewter for silver or laten for gold. Britt. c. 16.

Gipwicus, Gippus. L. Lat. Ipswich, in England. 2 Ld, Raym, 1239. 2 Salk, 434.

Guisarmes. L. Fr. In old English statutes. A kind of axe or halbert; a bill. Stat. Winton, 13 £dw. I. Spelman.

Gyser. L. Fr. [from Lat. jacere.] In old English law. To lie. Giser a meason; to lie or lodge at a house. Stat. Westm. 1, c. 1. Giser en langour; to lie sick. Britt. c. 116. Gisaun

(or GIT) OF AN ACTION. The material point on which the action/^. 6 Mod. 306. 1 Stra, 574.

Lat. A sword. An ancient emblem of defence. Gladius significat defensionem regni et patrice. Bract. fol. 5 b. Hence the ancient earls or eomi" tes, (the king's attendants, advisers

Lat. In old English law. Acorns, nuts or mast of the oak and other trees, as the chesnut and beech. It seems to have included any produce of trees that might be fed upon by animals

The author of the moat ancient treatise on English law, written in Latin about A. D. 1181, under the title of Tractatus de Legibus et Consuetudinibus Anglice; ( A Treatise of the L

Lat. A turf, sod or clod of earth. The soil or ground; cultivated land in general. Cod. Theodos. See Adscriptitius. Church land; (solum et dos ecclesiae.) Spelman. See Glebe.

Glebelajid. [L. Fr. glebe; L. Lat. gleba.'\ In ecclesiastical law. Church land; landf belonging to a parish church. Oowell. Blount. A portion of land attached to the benefice of a

[L. Lat. glossa, q. v.] An annotation or comment on any passage in the text of a work, for the purpose of explanation. Particularly applied to the comments on the Roman law. See Gl

Lat. [from Gr. glossa, a tongue.] A gloss, explanation or interpretation. The glosses of the Roman law are brief illustrative comments or annotations on the text of Justinian's col

Lat. [from glossa, q. v.] In the civil law. A commentator or annotator. A term applied to the professors and teachers of the Roman law in the twelfth century, at the head of whom w

In old English law. A valley. Co. Litt. 5 b. GO. [Lat. ire; L. Fr. aler.] In practice. To be dismissed from court. "To go without day," applied to a defendant, is to be finally dis

Sax. [from God, and boU, a fine, or amend.] In old English law. A fine or amercement anciently imposed for offences against religion; an ecclesiastical or church fine. CowelL Bloun

Godgeld. Sax. [from God, and gild or geld, a payment.] In Saxon law. That which is paid or offered to God, or his service. LL. Alured. praef. Spelman, voc. Geldum.

In old English law. Earnest money. See Denaritts 3eu

An old form of the word euckingstool, (q. v.) CowelL

Lat. In old records. A sink or passage for water. 2 Mon. Angl. 610. CowelL

Lat. A jester, buffoon or juggler. Spelman, voc. Goliardensis.

(or ABEAR-

A consideration of blood, or of natural love and affection; as where a man grants an estate to a near relation, being founded on motives of generosity, prudence and natural duty. 2

In Scotch kw. Good men of the country. A name given to a jury. See Bona patria.

[L. Lat. probus homo.] A good and lawful man; (probus et legalis homo.) 3 BL Com. 102. Good men; ( probi or boni homines.) Good and lawful men; {probi et legales homines.) Mag. Cha

[Lat. &ona; Fr. bieas.] A term applied to certain descriptions of things moveable, and said to be one " of large signification." Wilde, J., 3 Metcalfe R. 367. In some of its connec

WARES AND MERCHAN-

[L. Lat. bona et catalla; L. Fr. biens et chateux,] A phrase very commonly used to designate personal property; the word chattels serving to extend its application to subjects whic

[from Fr. goulet, or Lat. gula.'\ In old English law. A breach in a bank or sea wall, or a passage worn by the flux and reflux of the sea. Stai. 16 and 17 Car. IL c. 11.

A small narrow slip of ground. Kenneti's Par. Ant, 534, 893. CowelL

Days of. See Days of Grace.

Fr. & Eng. [Lat. gratia.l Favor or indulgence, as distinguished from right. Acts of parliament granting pardons are called acts of grace, 1 BL Com. 184. Plus de gmceq'de droit; mor

Graduale. L. Lat. In canon law. A book pertaining to the offices of the Romish church, and enumerated among its furniture in the Provinciale Anglicanum. Lyndewode Prov. Angl. lib.

Lat. [from gradus, q. v.] In old English law. By degrees or steps; step by step; from one degree to another. Bract, fol. 64.

Lat. In civil and canon law. A degree in relationship. Inst. 3. 6. Dig, 38. 11. The word properly denotes a step, and is figuratively used, like the Gr. ^adfibs, to express the cou

Grapharius. L. Lat. In old English law. A graffer, notary or scrivener. StcU. 5 Sen. VIII. o. 1.

Graffium. L. Lat. In old records. A writing book or register; a cartulary of deeds and evidences. CoweU.

Graphio, Gravio, Gravius, Graphius. L. Lat. In early European law. A fiscal judge: and derivatively, a count, (comes;) a count's deputy, or viscount, {vice comes, reeve, or sheriff

[Lat.^a»ttm.] The twentyfourth (anciently the thirty-second) part of a penny-weight, or weight of an English penny. By the statute Compositio Mensurarum, 61 Hen. III., it was ordai

[L. Fr. graund; Lat. magnu9.'\ Great; large; high. A word formed from the French and still in use; contrasted generally y^vih petty, {J^t, petit,) and denoting superiority either i

[L. Lat. magna assi Ba,'] In practice. A special or extraordinary kind of jury, introduced by king Henry II. for the trial of writs of right, the tenant or defendant being allowed

In maritime law. The German bielbrie/ has been sometimes so called. Jacobsen'a Sea Laws, 12. The English, French and American register of a vessel commences with the contents of th

In practice. A judicial writ in the old real actions, which issued for the demandant where the tenant, after being duly summoned, neglected to appear on the return of the writ, or

L- Lat. A species of grand cape which issued against a vouchee, or person vouched to warranty in a real action. Roscoe's Real Actions, 268.

or Coutumier de France. In early European law. A collection of the customs, usages and forms of practice which had been in use from time immemorial in the kingdom of France, first

In English practice. Certain days in the terms, which are solemnly kept in the inns of court and chancery, viz. Candlemas day in Hilary Term, Ascension day in Easter, St. John the

\L.FT,ffraund destresse; L. Lat. ma^na aistrictio,'] In English practice. A process which formerly issued in actions, where the tenant or defendant, after being attached, and so re

In criminal law. A jury of inquiry, summoned at courts of sessions and oyer and terminer, whose duty it is, after being duly sworn and charged by the presiding judge, to receive an

In English criminal law. A stealing of property of above the value of twelve pence. 4 Bl. Com. 241. So distinguished from petit larceny, which was theft of property to the value of

[L. Fr. graund serjeantie; L. Lat. magna serjeantia or serjanteria, or magnum servitium^ la English law. A species of tenure in capite, (called, though improperly, a species of kni

Fr. & Eng. [L. Lat. grangia, grangea.] A building where corn or grain is kept and stored; a barn or granary. Co. Litt. 5 a. Spelman, voc. Horreum. Reg. Orig. 289 b. The term also i

Orangia. L. Lat. In old English law. A grange. Reg. Orig. 289 b. Stat. Westm. 2, c. 39. Spelman, voc. Chranarium. See Change.

Grangerus. L.Latl In old English law. A granger, or grange keeper. Fleta, lib. 2, c. 82, § 1. CoweU.

[L. Lat. concessio.'\ In a large sense, the passing of a thing from one person to another. In this sense, it comprehends feoflfments, bargains and sales, gifts, leases, &c., for he

[L. Lat. eoncessus:\ The person to whom a grant is made.

[L. Lat. concessor:\ The person by whom a grant is made.

Fr. Grandees, or great men. Pari. Rot. 6 Edw. III. n. 5, 6.

Lat. [from Gr. graphe.] In old European law. A writing. Spelman. The office or territorial jurisdiction of a graphio or grafio. Id. See Grafio.

[q. d. graze earth:] In old records. The grazing or turning up the earth with a plough. The name of a customary service for inferior tenants to bring their ploughs, and do one day'

Lat. A voluntary assertion; a statement which a party is not legally bound to make, or in which he is not held to precise accuracy. 2 Kent's Com. 486. 6 Metcalfs R. 260.

[Lat. gratuitus, from gratis, freely.] Without valuable or legal consideration. A term applied to deeds of conveyance. See Gift. In old English law. Voluntary; without force, fear

Graunde. L. Fr. [from Lat. grandis, great.] Great; high. A la graunde grevaunce; to the great grievance. Britt. c. 21. Graunde treson; great or high treason. Id. c. 8.

Lat [from ^avare, q. v.] A grievance, or thing complained of;.the essence of a complaint.

Lat. To grieve or aggrieve; to injure or oppress. Stat. Westm. 2, c. 36, 37. Gravati; aggrieved. Id. ibid,

Lat. Grievous; great. Ad grave damnum; to the grievous damage. 11 Co. 40.

Gravia. L. Lat. A grave, a chief magistrate or officer. A term derived from the more ancient grafioy and used in combination with various other words, as an official title in Germa

In English ecclesiastical law. Tithes of corn, peas and beans, hay and wood. 2 Chitt, Bl, Com. 24, note. 3 Steph. Com. 127.

In English law. A board or court of justice held in the counting-house of the king's [or queen's] household, and composed of the lord steward and inferior officers. It takes its na

In forest law. The same as vert, (q. v.) Manwood, part 2, c. 6, nu. 5. Termes de la ley.

In old English law. The estreats of issues, fines, and amerciaments in the exchequer, delivered out to the sherifis under the seal of that court made in green wax, to be levied by

Fr. Grievous. Stat. Westm. 1, c. 6. See Greve.

The code or collection of constitutions made by the Roman jurist Gregorius. See Codex Gregorianus.

Fr. Greater. Greinder ou meinder; greater or less. Litt. sect. 120.

Lat. Bosom. De gremio mittere; to send from the bosom. A term formerly used to denote the sending of a person as a delegate from a conventual church, monastery, or other body of pe

Gressum. In English law. A customary fine due from a copyhold tenant on the death of the lord. 1 Stra. 664. 1 Crahb's Real Prop. 616, § 778. Called also grassum, and grossome, (q.

Fr. Grievously, heavily, or severely. Soit gre vement rente; he shall be grievously fined. Stat, Westm, 1, c. 16. See Britt, c. 30.

Fr. To hurt or harm. Britt, c. 22. To prejudice or injure. Id, cc. 28, 89.

Sax. Peace.

Sax. [from grith, peace, and bryce, a breach or breaking.] In Saxon and old English law. A breach or violation of the peace. In causis regiis grithbrech 100 sol. emendabit. LL. Hen

Sax. [from gritk, peace, and stol, a seat or chair.J In Saxon law. A seat, chair, or place of peace; a sanctuary; a stone withm a church gate, to which an offender might flee. So c

In old English law. A merchant or trader who engrossed all vendible merchandise; an engrosser. Stat. 37 Bdw. III. c. 6. See Engrosser.

Lat In old records. A deep hollow or pit; a bog or miry place. Coioell. Spelman doubts as to the meaning of this word.

^ro*. L.Fr. Great; large.

[L. Fr. grosse; L. Lat. grossus.] Great or large. See infra. In large quantities. In grosso; in the gross, by the wholesale. See Grossus. Whole or entire; absolute or independent;

Lat. In old English law. A groat. Cowell. A gross. 1 Mon. Angl, 118. Tovms. PL 173.

In maritime law. That kind of average which falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo and freight. 3 Ken Cs Com, 232. More commonly termed general average, (q. v.) GROSS NEGLIGENC

Gros hois, Grosse boys, Grosse boyes. L. Fr. Great or large wood; timber. Cowell, 2 Ir^t. 642.

Fr. Largely, greatly. Grossement enseint; big with child. Flotod. 76.

In old English law. A fine, or sum of money paid for a lease. Flowd. 270, 271. Supposed to be a corruption of gersuma, (q. v.) See Gressume,

Lat. In old English law. Large. Grossus piscis; large or great fish. Bract. fol. 14, 120. Grossi arbores; great trees or wood. Cro. Eliz. 244. In large quantities. Tam in grosso, q

In Scotch law. A ground rent payable out of the ground before the tenement in a burgh is built; used in contradistinction to the term feuannual. Scotch Diet.

Rent paid for the privilege of building on another's land. Webster, A rent paid by a lessee who has built on the ground leased; and thus distinguished from the rent paid to him by

Ouidagium. L. Lat. [Fr. guydage; from Sax. wceg^ way; quasi waidaginm.] In old law. Guidage or conduct; the compensation given therefor. That which is given for safe conduct throug

Wadta. L. Lat. In old European law. A pledge, ^pelman, Calv. Lex. A custom. Spelman, GUARANTEE is used both as a noun and verb, as another form of guaranty, (q. V.)

A person who undertakes to guaranty; a warrantor; a surety.

Guarantee. L. Fr. & Eng. A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who, in the first instance, is

Wardia, Warda. L. Lat. [from Fr. garder, to keep.] Ward; custody; safe keeping; protection. Spelman. See Ward.

Gardian, Gardeyne. [from* Fr. gardein, (q. v.); L. Lat. gardianus,guardianuS'; Lat. custos, tutor,. curator.] A keeper or protector; one who has the charge or custody of any person

A guardian appointed by a court of justice to prosecute or defend for an infant, in any suit to which he may be a party. 2 Steph. Com. 342. Most commonly appointed for infant defen