A Dictionary of Law

A word formerly used fora grocer. 1 Vent, 142.

This word, when employed to express one of the qualities ofa

Arpent. A measure of land of uncertain quantity, mentioned in Domesday nd Oller old books; by some called an “acre,” by others “helt an acre,” and by “furlong.” Spelman; Cowell; A

A measurer or suryeyor of land. Cowell; Spelman.

In the civil law. FE:rnest; earnest-emoney; evidence of a completed bargain. Used of a contract of marriage, as well as any other. Spelled, also, Avvha, Arve. Calvin.

A spirit procured from distillation of the cocon-nut tree, rice, or sugar- ¢ane, und imported from India.

In criminal practice. To bring a prisoner to the bar of the court to answer the matter charged upon him in the indictment. The arraignment of a prisoner consists of calling upon hi

In criminal practice. Calling the defendant to the bar of the court, to answer the accusation contained in the indictment.

CLERK OF. In English law. An assistant to the clerk of assise.

In old French law, An officer employed to superintend the loading of vessels, and the safe stowage of the cargo, 1 Pet. Adm. Append. XXYV.

In Spanishlaw. The donation which the husband makes to his wife, by reagon or on account of marriage, and in consideration of the dote, or portion, which he

The whole body of jurors gummoned to attend a court, as they are arrayed or arranged on the panel. Duane, Abr, Index; 1 Chit. Crim. Law, 536; Com. Dig. “Challenge,” B. A ranking, o

or ARREARAGES, Money unpaid at the due time, as rent behind; the remainder due after payment of a part of an account; money in the hands of an accounting party. Cowell.

To accuse or charge with an offense. Arrectati, accused or suspected persons.

In criminal practice. The stopping, seizing, or apprehending a person by lawful authority; the act of laying hands upon a person for the purpose of taking his body into custody of

In old Englishlaw, An arrest, (q. 0.)

In Scotch law. The person in whose hands the movables of another, or a debt due to another, are arrested by the creditor of the latter by tie process of arrestment. 2 Kames, Eq. 17

In Scotch law. One who snes ont and obtains an arrestment of his debtor’s goods or movable obligations. Ersk. inst. 8, 6, 1,

Pleading in arrest of taking the inquest upon a fermer issue, and showing cause why an inquest should not be taken.

In practice, The act of staying a judgment, or refusing to render judgment in an action at law, after verdict, tor some matter intrinsic appearing on the face of the record, which

Fr. A judginent, sentence, or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction. The term is derived trom the French law, and is used in Canada and Louisiana. Saisie arrét is an attachme

Charged; charging. The convening a person charged with a erime be fore a judge. Staundef. P. C. 45. It is use sometimes for dmputed or laid unto; aa no folly may be a@rretied to on

In the civil law. Money or other valuable things given by the buyer to the seller, for the purpose of evidencing the contract; earnest.

In the civil law. Earnest; money given to bind a bargain. Calvin.

In English and Scotch law. Indefinite services formerly demandable from tenants, but prolibited by statute, (20 Geo. IL. ¢. 50, §§ 21, 22.) Holthouse; Ersk. Inst. 2, 6, 42.

A second summons to join the lord, addressed to those who had neglected the first. A summons of the inferiors or vassals of the lord. Spelman.

or FEHR, In fendal law, <A fief or fee dependent on a superior one; an inferior fef granted by a vassal of the king, out of the flef held by him. Montesq. Esprit des Lois, liv. 31,

In feudal law. The vassal of a vassal.

In marine insurance. The arrival of a vessel meuns an arrival for purposes of business, requiring an entry and clearance and stay at the port so long as to or to ascertain the stut

To reach or come to a particwar place of destination by traveling towards it. 1 Broek. 411, Ininsurancelaw. ‘To reach that particular place or point in a harbor which is the ultima

Intheeivillaw. The _ adoption of a perscn who was of full age or sui juris. 1 Browne, Civil & Adm. Law, 19; Dig. 1, 7, 5; Inst. 1, 11, 3.

In France, one of the subdivisions of a department,

Store-houses for arms; dock-yards, magazines, and other military stores.

Burning in the hand. The punishment by burning or branding the left thumb of lay offenders who claimed and were allowed the benefit of clergy, so as to distinguish them in case the

Arson, at common law, is the act of unlawfully and maliciously burning the house of another man. 4 Steph. Comm. 99; 2 Russ. Crimes, 896; Steph. Crim. Dig. 298. Arson, by the common

The trial of money by heating it after it was coined. The loss of weight occasioned by this process, A pound was said to burn so many pence (tot ardere denarios) as it lost by the

A principle put in practice and applied to some art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, 4 Mason, I. See Act Cong. July 8, 1870. In the law of patents, this term means

WORDS OF. Words used in a technical sense; Words scientifically fit to carry the sense assigned them.

In Seotch law. The offense committed by one who aids and assists the commission of a crime, but who is not the principal or chief actor in ils actual commission. Anaccessary. A pri

A separate and distinct part of an instrument or writing comprising two or more particulars; one of several things presented as connected or forming a whole. In English ecclesiasti

In English law. A clerk bound to serve in the oflice of a solicitor in consideration of being instructed in the profession.

1. A connected series of propositions; a system of rules. The subdivisions of a document, code, book, etc. A specification of distinct matters agreed upon or established by authori

LORDS OF. A commit tee of the Seottish parliament, which, in the mode of its election, and by the nature of its powers, was caleulated to increase the inliuence of the crown, and t

In Scotch law. That part of the proceedings which corresponds to the answer to the charge in an English billin chancery. Paters. Comp,

In English law. Articles agreod to, A. D. 1707, by the arliaments of Engiane and Scotland, for the ion ef the two kingdoms. They were twenty-five in number. 1 Bl. Comm. 96.

A written memorandum of the terma of an ugreement. See ARTICLES, 4,

Articles subscribed by the members of a jointstock company or corporation organized under a general law, and which create the corporate union between them. Such articles are in the

The name of the instrument embodying the compact made between the thirteen original states of the Union, before the adoption of the present constitution,

In English law. The system of faith of the Church of England, more commonly known as the “Thirty-Nine Articles.”

A formal written allegation of the causes for impeachment; answering the same office as an indictment in an ordinary criminal pre ceeding.

A written agreement by which the parties enter into a copartnership upon the terms and conditions therein stipulated.

In English ecclesiastical law, Commonly called the “Thirty-Nine Articles;” a body of divin-

In Scotch law. ‘terms and conditions uader which propprty is sold at auction.

In Scotch law. An agreement for a lease. Paters. Conip.

The title of a statute passed in the ninth year of Edward II. for the purpose of adjusting and settiins the great questions of cognizance then existing between the ecclesiastical a

A system of rules prescribed by act of parliament for the government of the English navy; _ also, in the United States, there are articles for the government of the navy.

A complaint made or exhibited to a court by a person who makes oath that he isin fear of death or bodily harm from someone who has ‘threatened or attempted to do him injury. The co

Codes framed for the government of a nation’s army are ‘eominonly thus called.

In Beotch law. Where the creditor holds several distinct debts, a separate adjudication for each eiaim is ths called,

Article by article; by distinct clauses or articles; by separate propositions.

Lat. Articies; items or heads. A term applied to some old English tatules, and occasionally to treatises.

Articles of the clergy, (g- 2.) '

Articles concerning money, or the currency. The title of a statute passed in the twentieth year

The preliminary articles, forty-nine in number, upon which the Magna Charta was founded.

Articles upon Lhe charters. The titleof astatute passed in the twenty-eighth year of Edward I. st. 3, confirming or enlarging many particulars in Jfagna Charta, and the Charta de F

(Or more commonly in articulo mortis.) In the article of death; at the point of death.

One who buys goods in order to reduce them, by his own art or industry, into other forms, and then to sell them. 3 ‘T. B. Mon. 335. One who is actually and personally engaged or em

Created by art, or by law; existing only by foree of or in contemplation of law,

Technically; scientifcally; using terms of art. <A will or contract is described as “artificially” drawn if it ig couched in apt and technical phrases and exhibits a scientific arr

Persons created and devised by human laws for the purposes of society and government, as distinguished from natural persons. Corporations ure exatmplea of.artificial persons. 1 BI.

Also called “legal presumptions;” those which derive their force and effect from the law, rather than their natural tendency to produce belief. 3 Starkie, Ev. 1235.

An old English iaw term, signifying a day’s work in plowing.

A feast or entertainment made at a funeral in the north of England; avvil bread is bread delivered to tha AS. Tat. In the Reman and civil law. A pound weight; andacoin originally w

To go up; to pass up or upwards; to go or pass in the ascending line. 4 Kent, Comm. 393, 397.

Persons with whom one is related in the ascending line; one’s parents, grandparents, great-erandparents, ete.

In Spanish law. Ascendants; ascending heirs; heirs in the ascending line. Schm. Civil Law, 259.

Passage upwards; the transmission of an estate from the ancestor to the heir in the ascending line. See 4 Kent, Comm. 393, 397.

To fix; to render certain or definite; to estimate and determine; to clear of doubt or obscurity.

In Roman law. A foreigner who had been registered and naturalized in the colony in which he resided, Cod. 11, 47.

View; object; possibility. Implies the existence of alternatives. Used in the phrases “bill with a double aspect” and “contingency with a double aspect.”

A remainder is said to be “in a contingency with double aspect,” when there is another remainder limited on the same estate, not in derogation of the first, but asa substitute for

In medical jurisprudence. Swooning, suspended animation, produced by the non-conyersion of the venous bleed of the lungs into arterial.

The removalof things requisite to constitute the offense of larceny. 4 Bl. Comm. 231.

Hecarriel away. Sometimes uses as a noun to denote a carrying away. An “asportavit of personal chattels.” 2H. Bl. 4.

In old Welsh law. An oath made by compurgators, Brown.

In English law. The offense committed in the forest, by pulling up the trees by the roots that are thickets and coverts for deer, and making the ground plain as arable land. It dif

Murder commitied for hire, without provocation or cause of re sentment given to the murderer by tho per- — son upon whom the crime is committed. Ersk. Inst. 4, 4, 45. A murder comm

An ancient custom in Wales, by which a person accused of erime could clear himself by the oaths of three hundred men. Jt wag abolished by St. 1 Hen. Y.¢ 6, Cowell; Spelman.

An unlawful attempt or of fer, on the part of one man, with force or violence, to inflict a bodily hurt upon another, An attempt or cifer to beat another, without touching him; as

The proof or trial, by chemical experiments, of the purity or fineness of metils,—particularly of the precious metals, gold and gilver, A trialof weights and measures by a standard

One whose business it is to make assays of the precious metals.

An officer of tha royal mint, appointed by St. 2 Hen. V1. c¢. 12, who received and tested the bullfon taken in for coining; also called “assayalor regis.” Cowell; Termes de la Ley.

The staif of persons by whom {or the building in which) the process of assaying gold and silver, required by government, incidental to maintaining the edinage, is conducted.

To assure, or make secure by pledges, or any solemn interposition of faith, Cowell; Spelman.

In European law. Assurance; insurance of a vessel, freight, or cargo. J erriere. ‘

In maritime law,

In Scotch aw. An old term, used indiscriminately to signify a lease or feu-right. ell; Ersk. Inst. 2, 6, 20.

The concourse or meeting together of a considerable number of persons at the same place. Also the persons so gathered, Popular assemblies are those where the people meet to deliber

The highest ecclesiastical court in Scotland, composed of a representation of the ministers and elders of the church, regulated by Act 5th Assem. 1694,

Compliance; approval of something done; a declaration of willingness to do something in compliance with a request.