Black's Law Dictionary

A forfeiture of all that one possesses.

In the civil law. A term used to signify full proof, (that is, proof by two wiInesses,) in contradistinction to semi-plena probatio, which is only a presumption. Cod. 4, 19, 5.

In English law. Fuliness; a state of being full. A term applied to a benefice when full or possessed by an incumbent The opposite state to a vacation or vacancy. Cowell.

Full; entire; complete; unabridged. In the ecclesiastical courts, (and in admiralty practice,) causes are divided into plenary and summary. The former are those in whose proceeding

A full and complete confession. An admission or confesssion, whether in civil or criminal law, is said to be "plenary" when it is, if believed, conclusive against the person making

Lat. In old English law. Full age.

Lat. Completely; fully; sufficiently. —Plene administravit. In practice. A plea by an executor or administrator that he has fully administered all the assets that have come to his

In practice. A plea by an executor or administrator that he has fully administered all the assets that have come to his hands, and that no .assets remain out of which the plaintiff

In practice. A plea by an executor or administrator that he has "fnily administered" ali the assets that have come to his hands, "except" assets to a certnin amount, which are not

He has fully accounted. A plea in an action of account render, alleging that the defendant has fully accounted.

One who has full power to do a thing; a person fully commissioned to act for another. A term applied In international law to ministers and envoys of the second rank of public minis

Lab ' In the civil law. Full ownership; the property in a thing united with the usufruct Calvin.

In Spanish law. The pleadings in a cause. White, New Recop. b. 3, tit. 7.

In old English law. An estate, with the habit and quality of the land ; extending to a rent charge and to a possibility of dower. Co. Litt 221b; Cowell.

A kind of earnest used in public sales at Amsterdam. Wharton.

A term used in appraising land values and particularly in eminent domain proccedings, to designate the additional value given to city loin by the fact that they are contiguous, whi

The ancient payment of a penny to the church from every plow-land. 1 Mon. Angl. 256.

An allowance of wood which tenants are entitled to, for repairing their plows and other implements of husbandry.

A quantity of land "not of any certain content, but as much as a plow can, by course of husbandry, plow in a year." Co. Litt 69a.

In old English law, this was a species of tenure peculiar to peasants or small farmers, somewhat like gavelkind, by which the lands descended in equal shares to ali the sons of the

The Monday after twelfth-day.

Money formerly paid by some tenants, in lleu of service to plow the lord's lands.

Lat In the civll law. Soldering. Dig. 6, 1, 23, 5.

Lat In the civll law. Lead. Dig. 50, 16, 242, 2.

n. Personal property belonging to an enemy, captured and appropriated on land; booty. Also the act of seizing snch property. See Booty; Prize. v. . The most common meaning of the t

In maritime law. The embezzlement of goods on board of a ship is se called.

Containing more than one; consisting of or designating two or morn. Webster. —Plural marriage. See Marriage.

1 Rolls, 476. The plural number is satisfied by two.

One that holds more than one ecclesiastical benefice, with cure of souls.

In the plural. 10 East, 158, arg.

In the law of elections. The excess of the votes cast for one candidate over those cast for any other. Where there are only two candidates, he who re-coives the greater number of t

See Marriage.

Co.. Litt. 163. Several co-heirs are, as it were, one body, by reason of the unity of right which they possess.

Co. Litt 164. Several parceners are as one body, in that they have one right.

Lat Often; frequently. When an original and alias writ have been issued and proved ineffectual, a third writ, called a "pluries writ," may frequently be issued. It is to the same e

Lat In Scotch practice. A demand of more than is due. Bell.

In Roman law. A phrase denoting the offense of claiming more than was just in one's pleadings. This more might be claimed in four different respects, viz.; (1) Re, i. e., in amount

Custom is more powerful than grant.

One eye-witness is of more weight than ten ear-witnesses, [or those who speak from hearsay.] 4 Inst. 279.

Several eyes see more than one 4 Inst. 160.

An abbreviation for "posimaster;" also for "post-meridian," afternoon.

Lat. Punishment; a penalty. Inst 4, 6, 18, 19. —Pœna corporalis. Corporal punishment — Poena pilloralis. In old English law. Punishment of the pillory. Fleta, lib. 1, a 38, § LL

If punishment be indicted on a few, a dread comes to alL

The heir ought not to be bound by a penalty arising out of the wrongful act of the deceased. 2 Inst 198.

Lat In the civil law. Penal; imposing a penalty; claiming or enforcing a penalty. Actiones poenales, penal actions. Inst 4, 6, 12.

Punishment cannot be, crime will be, perpetual. 21 Vin. Abr. 27L

3 Inst. 220. Punishments shonid rather be seftened than aggravated.

Punishment ought to bind the guilty, and not others. Bract, fol. 380b.

This term is commonly used as a designation of those things which are publici juris, (a. v.,) and therefore considered as being owned by "the public," the entire state or community

This term includes every contention by force, between two nations, in external matters, under the authority of their respective governments. Prize Cases, 2 Black, 666, 17 L. Ed. 45

Lat In the civil law. Repentance; reconsideration; changing one's mind; drawing back from an agreement already made, or rescinding it. —Locus poenitentiae. Room or place for re-pen

One which is entirely gratuitous, and which dispenses its benefits without any charge or pecuniary return whatever. See In re Keech's Estate (Sun-.) 7 N. Y. Supp. 33i; In re Lenox'

Punishments shonid be restrained. Jenk. Cont. 29.

An abbreviation of "publlc officer;" also of "post-office."

To steal game on a man's land.

In English criminal law. The unlawful entry upon land for the purpose of taking or destroying game; the taking or destruction of game upon another's land, usually committed at nigh

In Spanish law. A colonizer ; he who peoples; the founder of a colony.

This word is used as an adjective in several compound legal phrases, carrying a meaning suggestive ot or analogous to, its signification as a pouch, bag or secret receptacle. For t

A term formerly used in English politics to describe a borough entitled to send a representative to parliament, in which a single individual, either as the principal landlord or by

A stafute-merchant which was enforceable at any time after non-payment on the day assigned, without further proceedings. Wharton.

A statute so calied. Brownl. pt. 2, p. 81.

In English law. A sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the crown, without the usual form of nomination by the judges in the exchequer. 1 Bl. Comm. 342; 3 Steph. Comm. 23.

Non-approval of a legislative act by the president or state governor, with the result that it fails to become a law, not by a written disapproval, (a veto in the ordinary form,) bu

In old English law. Punishment of the pillory. Fleta, lib. 1, a 38, § LL

The process of the law of Scotland which answers to the distress of the English law. Poinding is of three kinds; Real poinding or poinding of the ground. This is the action by whic

A distinct proposition or question of law arising or propounded in a case. —Point reserved. When, in the progress of the trial of a cause, an important or difficult point of law is

When, in the progress of the trial of a cause, an important or difficult point of law is presented to the court, and the court is not certain of the decision that should be given,

The distinct propositions of law, or chief heads of argument, presented by a party in his paper-book, and relied upon, on the argument of the cause. Also the marks used in punctuat

In medical jurisprudence. A substance having an inherent deleterious property which renders it, when taken into the system, capable of destroying life. 2 Whart. & S. Med. Jur. § L

A measure of length, equal to five yards and a half.

Police is the function of that branch of the administrative machinery of government which is charged with the preservation of publlc order and tranquillity, the promotion of the pu

The name of a kind of inferior court in several of the states, which has a summary jurisdiction over minor offenses and misdemeanors of small consequence, and the powers of a commi

Fr. In French law. A bill of lading. Ord. Mar. liv. 3, tit. 2. —Police jury, in Louisiana, is the designation of the board of officers in a parish corresponding to the commissioner

the designation of the board of officers in a parish corresponding to the commissioners or supervisors of a county in other states. — Police justice . A magistrate charged exclusiv

A magistrate charged exclusively with the duties incident to the common-law office of a conservator or justice of the peace ; the prefix "police" serving merely to distinguish them

See Magistrate.

One of the staff of men employed in cities and towns to enforce the municipal police, i. e., the laws and ordinances for preserving the peace and good order of the community. Other

The power vested in a state to establish laws and ordinances for the regulation and enforcement of its police as above defined. The power vested in the legislafure to make, ordain,

Laws of a state, or ordinances of a municipality, which have for their object the preservation and protection of public peace and good order, and of the health, morals, and securit

In England, subjection to police supervision is where a criminal offender is subjected to the obligation of notifying the place of his residence and every change of his residence t

The general principles by which a government is guided in its management of public affairs or the legislature in its measures. This term, as applied to a law, ordinance, or rule of

The "policy of a statute," or "ot the legislature," as applied to a penal or prohibitive statute, means the intention of discouraging conduct of a mischievous tendency. See In R. 6

A mercantile instrument in writing, by which one party, in consideration of a premium, engages to indemnify another against a contingent loss, by making him a payment in compensati

By this phrase is understood the disposition of the law to discountenance certain classes of acts', transactions, or agreements, or to refuse them its sanction, because it consider

Pertaining or relating to the policy or the administration of government, state or national. See People v. Morgan. 90 111. 558; In re Kemp, 16 Win. 396. —Political arithmetic. An e

An expression sometimes used to signify the art of making calculations on matters relating to a nation ; the revenues, the value of land and effects; the produce of lands and manuf

A public or municipal corporation ; one created for political purposes, and having for its object the administration of governmental powers of a subordinate or local nature. Winspe

The science which describes the methods and laws of the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth, and treats of economic and industrial conditions and laws, and the rule

That branch of jurisprudence which treats of the science of politics, or the organization and administration of government.

See Libeety.

As a designation of a class of crimes usually excepted from extradition treaties, this term denotes crimes which are incidental to and form a part of political disturbances; but it

Civil offices are usually divided into three classes, —political, judicial, and ministerial. Political offices are such as are not immediately connected with the administration of

See Political.

Questions of which the courts of justice will refuse to take cognizance, or to decide, on account of their purely political character, or because their determination would involve

Those which may be exercised in the formation or administration of the government. People v. Morgan, 90 111. 563. Rights of citizens established or recognized by constitutions whic

The science of government; the art or practice of administering public affairs.

Politics are to be adapted to the laws, and not the laws to politics. Hob. 154.

The form of government; civll constitution.

adj. Cut or shaved smooth or even; cut in a straight line without indentation. A term anciently applied to a deed, and still used, though with little of its former significance. 2

A foreign coin of base metal, prohibited by St. 27 Edw. I. a 8, from being brought into the realm, on pain of forfeiture of life and goods. 4 Bl. Comm. 98. It was computed at two p