Black's Law Dictionary

In English law. One of the six clerks in chancery who, in his turn for one year, kept the controlment books of all grants that passed the great seal. The six clerks were superseded

(Corrupted from trithings.) The names of the parts or divisions of Yorkshire, which, of course,t are three only, viz., East Riding, North Riding, and West Riding.

L. Fr. Nothing. It appears in a few law French phrases. —Rieu culp. In' old pleading. Not guilty. —Rieu .Bit. In old pleading. Says nothing, (nil dicit.) —Rieu lny doit. In old ple

Nothing in arrear. A plea in an action of debt for arrearages of account. Cowell.

Not their debt. The old form of the plea of nil debet. 2 Reeve, Eng. Law, 332,

Nothing passed by the deed. A plea by which a party might avoid the operation of a deed, which had been enrolled or acknowledged in court; the plea of non est factum not being allo

Nothing by descent. The plea of an heir, where he is sued for his ancestor's debt, and has no land from him by descent, or assets in his hands. Cro. Car. 151; 1 Tidd, Pr. 645 ; 2 T

In old English law. After-county; i. e., after the end of the county court A time and place appointed by the sheriff for the receipt of the king's money after the end of his county

In' old pleading. Not guilty. —Rieu .Bit. In old pleading. Says nothing, (nil dicit.)

In old pleading. Owes him nothing. The plea of nil debet.

A coppice or thicket Cowell.

In old European law. A species of servico and tribute rendered to their lords by agricultural tenants. Supposed by Spelman to be derived from the name of a certain portion of land,

A term of the stock-exchange, denoting the practice of inflating the price of given stocks or enhancing their quoted value, by a system of pretended purchases, designed to give the

As a noun, and taken In an abstract sense, the term means justice, ethical correctness or consenance with the rules of law or the principles of morals. In this sig niflcation It an

See Heir.

This Is a phrase frequently used in place of chose in action, and having an identical meaning.

See Rectus Curia.

The right to bring suit; a legal right to muintain an action, growing out of a given transaction or state of facts and based thereon. Hibbard v. Clark, 56 N. H. 155, 22 Am. Rep. 44

In Scotch law. The right which the cautioner (surety) has to insist that the creditor shall do his best to compel the performance of the contract by the principal debtor, before he

In Scotch law. The right which each of several cautioners (sureties) has to refuse to answer for more than his own share of the debt To entitle the cautioner to this right the othe

A right of entry is the right of taking or resuming possession of land by entering on It In a peaceable manner.

The general and common right of the citizens to take fish from public waters, such as the sea, great lakes, etc. Shively v. Bowlby, 152 U. S. 1 , 14 Sup. Ct. 548, 38 L. Ed. 331.-Se

In Louisiana. The right to occupy another man's house as a dwelling, without paying rent or other compensation. Civ. Code La. art 623.

The right to possession which may reside in one man, while another has the actual possession, being the right to enter and turn out such actual occupant; e. p., the right of a diss

The mere right of property in land; the abstract right which remains to the owner after he has lost the right of possession, and to recover which the writ of right was given. Unite

The right to disincumber property or to free it from a claim or lien; specifically, the right (granted by statute only) to free property from the incumbrance of a foreclosure or ot

In Scotch law. The right of a cautioner (surety) to demand reimbursement from the principal debtor when he has been compelled to pay the debt. 1 Bell, Comm, 347.

By the acts 3 & 4 Wm. IV. c. 15, and 5 & 6 Viet c. 45, the author of a play, opera, or musical composition, or his assignee, has the sole right of representing or causing it to be

In international law. The right of one vessel, on the high seas, to stop a vessel of another nationality and examine her papers and (in seme cases) her cargo. Thus, in time of war,

In Mexican law. The right enjoyed by an usufructuary of property, of buying the property at the same price at which the owner offers it to any other person or is willing to take fr

The right of passage or of way is a servitude imposed by law or by convention, and by virtue of which one has a right to pass on foot or horseback or in a vehicle, to drive beasts

An obsolete writ, which was brought for lands and tenements, and not for an advowson or common, and lay ouiy for an estate in fee-simple, and not for him who had a lesser estate; a

Bights which concern and are annexed to the persons ot men. 1 Bl. Comin. 122.

Such as a man may acquire over external objects or things unconnected with his person. 1 BL Com 122.

On the hearing or trial of a cause or the argument of a demurrer, petition, etc., the right to begin is the right of first addressing the court or jury. The right to begin is frequ

The term "right of redemption," or "right to redeem," is familiarly used to describe the estate of the debtor when under mortgage, to be sold at auction, in contradistinction to an

Lat. Strictness of law. Latch, 150. Distinguished from gratia curia, favor of the court.

In medical jurisprudence. Cadaveric rigidity; a rigidity or stiffening of the muscular tissue and joints of the body, which sets in at a greater or less interval after death, but u

A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for illegitimate or selfish purposes; as to control elections or political affairs, distribute officos, obtain contracts, control the

A trick variously practiced. One mode is as follows, the circumstances being taken from 2 East, P. C. 678: The prisoner, with accomplicos, being with their victim, pretend to find

In criminal law. A trick practised by a criminal, by which, on receiving a good pieco of money in payment of an article, he pretends it is not good, and, changing it, returns to th

A custom among commission merchants and brokers (not unlike the clearing-house system) by which they exchange contracts for sale against contracts for purchase or reciprocally canc

In criminal law. A tumultuous disturbance of the peace by three persons or more, assembling together of their own authority, with an intent mutuuily to assist each other against an

A celebrated English statute, which provides that, if any twelve persons or more are unlawfully assembled and disfurbing the peace, any sheriff, under-sheriff, justice of the peace

L. Lat. Riotously. A formal and essential word in old indictments for riots. 2 Strange, 834.

In English criminal law. The uniawful assembling of twelve persons or more, to the disturbance of the peace, and not dispersing upon proclamation. 4 Bl. Comm. 142; 4 Steph. Comm. 2

A technical word, properly used in indictments for riot. It of itself implies force and violence. 2 Chit. Crim. Law, 489.

Lat. The banks of a river or the place beyond which the waters do not in their natural course overflow.

A medieval Latin word, which Lord Coke takes to mean water running between two banks; in other places it is rendered "bank."

Belonging or relating to the bank of a river; of or on the bank. Land lying beyond the natural watershed of a stream is not "riparian." Bathgate v. Irvine, 126 Cal. 135, 58 Pan. 44

In internationni law. Those who possess opposite banks or different parts of banks of one and the same river.

A riparian proprietor; one who owns land on the bank of a river.

An owner of land, bounded generally upon a stream of water, and as such having a qualified property in the soil to the thread of the stream with the privileges annexed thereto by l

See Riparian.

The use of river-banks is by the law of nations public, like that of the stream itself. Dig. 1, 8, 5, pr.; Fleta, L 3, c. 1, § 5.

A suit is said to be "ripe for judgment" when it is se far advanced, by verdict, default, confession, the determination of all pending motions or other disposition of preliminary o

A gratuity or reward given to tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn, or done other customary duties. Cowell.

An ancient code of laws by which the Ripuarii, a tribe of Franks who occupied the country upon the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, were governed. They were first reduced to writ

Owners of lands bounded by a river or waters course.

L. Lat. In the civll law. A chest for the keeping of clothing. Calvin.

Properly the final adjournment of the court for the term, though the term is also sometimes used to express the cessation of judicial business for the day or for a recess; it is th

In Insurance law; the danger or bazard of a loss of the property insured; the casualty contemplated in a contract of insurance; the degree of bazard; and, colloquially, the specifi

It is held that this term is not the equivalent of "perils of navigation," but is of more comprehensive import than the latter. Pitcher v. Hennessey, 48 N. Y. 419.

Fr. In insurance law; the dlssolution of a policy or contract of insurance for any cause. Emerig. Trait6 des Assur. c. 16.

Lat. Duly and formally; legally; properly; technically.

In French law. The shore, as of the sea. In English law. A toll anciently paid to the crown for the passage of boats or vessels on certain rivers. Cowell.

To have the liberty of a river for fishing and fowling. Cowell.

A natural stream of water, of greater volume than a creek or rfvulet, flowing in a more or less permanent bed or channel, between defined banks or walls, with a current which may e

Lat In the civll law. A quarrel; a strife of words. Calvin.

In old English law. A scold; a scolding or quarrelsome woman. 4 Bl. Comin. 168.

This abbreviation may stand either for "Revised Laws" or "Roman law."

There are some rules which the courts authorize their officers to grant as a matter of course, without formal application being made to a judge in open court, and these are technic

A legal principle, of general application, sanctioned by the recognition of authorities, and usually expressed in the form of a maxim or logical proposition. Called a "rule," becau

Certain outers made by the couris for the purpose of regulating the practice in actions and other proceedings before them

A highway; an open way or public passage; a line of travel or communication extending from one town or place to another; a strip of land appropriated and used for purposes of trave

Public or quasi municipal corporations organized or authorized by statutory authority in many of the states for the special purpose of establishing, maintaining, and caring for pub

In maritime law. A known general station for ships, notoriously used as such, and distinguished by the name; and not any spot where an anchor will find bottom and fix itself. 1 C.

A tax for the maintenance and repnir of the public roads within the particular jurisdiction, levied either in money or in the form of so many days' labar on the public roads exacte

In old English law. A robber. Robbatores et burglatores, robbers and burglars. Bract fol. 115b.

One who commits a robbsry. The term is not In law synonymous with "thief," but applies only to one who steals with force or open violence. See De Rothschild v. Royal Mall Steam Pac

Robbery ls the felonious taking of personal property in the possession of another, from his person or immediate presence, and against his will, accomplished by means of force or fe

Fr. A word anciently used by sailors for the cargo of a ship. The Italian "roba" had the same meaning.

In old English law. Persons who, in the reign of Richard I., committed great outrages on the borders of England and Scotland. Said to have been the followers of Robert Hood or Robi

A lineal measure of sixteen feet and a half, otherwise calied a "perch."

In feudal law. Certain servitors who held their land by serving their lords on horseback. Co.welL

In Canadian law, a license, granted on payment of a tax or fee, permitting the licensee to angle for fish (particularly salmon) which are otherwise protected or preserved.

Lat In Roman law. To ask or solicit Rogare legem, to ask for the adoption of a law, i. e., to propose it for enactment, to bring in a blll. In a derivative sense, to vote for a law

Lat. In Roman law. An asking for a law; a proposal of a law for adoption or passage. Derivatively, a law passed by such a form.

Hob. 143. Demands, questione, and claims ought to be simple.

In English ecclesiastical law. The second week before Whitsunday, thus called from three fasts observed therein, the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called "Rogation days," because

In making a nuncupative wlll, is where the testator formally calls upon the persons present to bear witness that he has declared his wlll. Wll-liams' Exits, 116; Browne, Prob. Pr.

Lat. In Roman law. The proposer of a law or rogation.

A commission from one judge to another requesting him to examine a witness. See Letter.

Lat In Roman law. I ask; I request. A precatory expression often used in wilis. Dig. 30, 108, 13, 14.

In English criminal law. An Idle and disorderly person; a trickster; a wandering beggar; a vagrant or vagabond. 4 Bl. Comm. 169.

In French mercantile law. The list of a ship's crew; a muster roll.

A schedule of parchment which may be turned up with the hand in the form of a pipe or tube. Jacob. A schedule or sheet of parchment on which legal proceedings are entered. Thus, in

The portable or movable apparatus and machinery of a railroad, particularly such as moves on the road, viz., engines, cars, tenders, coaches, and trucks. See Beardsley v. Ontario B

The act of 35 & 36 Viet. c. 50, passed to protect the rolling stock of railways from distress or sale in certain cases.

In English law. An office in Chancery Lane, London, which contains rolls and records of the high court of chancery, the master whereof is the second person in the chancery, etc. Th