Black's Law Dictionary

The manuscript registers of the proceedings of old parliaments; in these rolls are likewise a great many decisions of difficult points of law, which were frequently, in former time

There are several in this court relating to the revenue of the country.

In English law. In each of the two Temples is a roll called the "calves-head roll," wherein every bencher, barrister, and student is taxed yearly ; also meals to the cook and other

The statute 23 & 24 Viet c. 134, providing a method for enjoying estates given upon trust for Roman Catholica, but invalidated by reason of certain of the trusts being superstitiou

This term, in a general sense, comprehends all the laws which pre-Valled among the Romans, without regard to the time of their origin, including the collections of Justinian. In a

Lat. Pilgrims that traveled to Rome on foot

Peter-pence, (q. v.) Cowell.

A tract of land in the county of Kent, England, containing twenty-four thousand acres, governed by cortain ancient and equitable laws of sewers, composed by Henry de Bathe, a vener

The fourth part of an acre in square measure or one thousand two hundred and ten square yards.

The same as "stock of descent."

The dochment with which an abstract of title properly commences is called the "root" of the title. Sweet.

A kind of rushes, which some tenants were obliged by their tenure to furnish their lords withal. Cowell.

Heathy ground or ground full of ling; also watery and moorish land. 1 Inst 5.

A list of persons who are to perform certain legal duties when called upon In their turn. In military affairs it is a table or plan by which the duty of officers is regulated. See

L. Lat Succession; rotation. "Rota of presentations;" "rota of the terms." 2 W. Bl. 772, 773. The name of two ancient courts, one held at Rome and the other at Genoa. Span. In Span

A term which includes oxen, cows, steers, heifers, and such like horned animals. Cowell.

Small boroughs in England, which prior to the reform act, 1832, returned one or more members to parliament.

A clause sometimes inserted in policies of marine insurance, to the effect that "if, on a regular survey, the ship shall be declared unseaworthy by reason of being rotten or unsoun

The roll Of Winton. An exact survey of all England, made by Alfred, not unlike that of Domesday; and it was so called because it was kept at Winchester, among other records of the

Fr. In old French and Canadian law. A free tenure without the privilege of nobility; the tenure of a free commoner.

Fr. In old French and Canadian law. A free tenant of land on services exigible either in money or in kind. Steph. Leet. 229. A free commoner; one who held of a superior, but could

A circle divided from the center, like Arthur's round table, whence its supposed origin. In each compartment Is a signature, so that the entire circle, when filled, exhibits a list

In Scotch law. A sale by auction. Bell.

A rout is an unlawful assembly which has made a motion towards the execution of the common purpose of the persons assembled. It is, therefore, between an unlawful asembly and a rio

Fr. In French insurance law. The way that is taken to make the voyage insured. The direction of the voyage assured.

In pleading. A technical word in indictments, generally coupled with the word "riotously." 2 Chit Crim. Law, 488.

In Fr. The king. Roy est l'original de touts franchises. Keilw. 138. The king is the origin of all franchises.

Of or pertaining to or proceeding from the king or sovereign in a monarchical government —Royal assent. The royal assent is the last form through which a bill goes previously to be

The royal assent is the last form through which a bill goes previously to becoming an act of parliament It is, in the words of Lord Hale, "the complement and perfection of a law."

Boroughs incorporated in Scotland by royal charter. Bell.

Under the statute 42 & 43 Vietc. 78, § 28, this is the name given to the bnildings, together with all additions thereto, erected under the couris of justice building act, 1865, (28

See Fish.

Conveyances of record in England. They are of two kinds: (1) Letters patent; and (2) letters close, or writs close. 1 Steph. Co.mm, 615-618.

In the language of diplomacy, this term designates the privilege enjoyed by every empire or kingdom in Europe, by the pope, the grand duchies of Germany, and the Germanic and Swiss

Mines of silver and gold belonged to the king of England, as part of his prerogative of coinage, to furnish him with material. 1 Bl. Comm. 294.

Regalities; royal prop'erty.

A payment reserved by the grantor of a patent, lease of a mine or simll-ar right, and payable proportionately to the use made of the right by the grantee. See Raynolds v. Hanna (C.

The king is not bound by any statute, unless expressly named. Jenk. Cent. 307; Broom, Max. 72.

Jenk. Cent. 307. The king can grant a dispensation for a malum prohibitum, but not for a malum per se.

An abbreviation for "Revised Statutes."

Directions printed in books of law and in prayer-books, so termed becanse they were originally distinguished by red ink. —Rubric of a statute. Its title, which was anciently printe

Its title, which was anciently printed in red letters. It serves to show the object of the legislature, and thence affords the means of interpreting the body of the act; hence the

Roughness; incivllity; violence. Touching another with rudeness may constitute a battery.

Lat. In the civil law. Ruin, the faliing of a house. Dig. 47, 9.

n. 1. An established standard, guide or regulation; a principle or regulation set up by authority, prescribing or directing action or forbearance; as, the rules of a legislative bo

One which commands the subject-matter of the rule to be forthwith enforced. It is usual, when the party has failed to show sufficient cause against a rule nisi, to "make the rule a

In practice. The day on which a rnie is returnable, or on which the act or duty enjoined by a rule is to be performed., See Cook v. Cook, 18 Fla. 637.

When the ancestor, by any gift or conveyance, tak-eth an estate of freehold, and in the same gift or conveyance an estate is limited, either mediately or immediately, to his heirs

A devise to B. and his children or issue, B. having no issue at the time of the devise, gives him an estate toil; but, if he have issue at the time, B. and his children take joint

A rule which will become imperative and final unless cause be shown against it. This rule commands the party to show cause why he should not be compelled to do the act required, or

A rule of international law, first practically established in 1756, by which neutrals, in lime of war, are prohibited from carrying on with a belligerent power a trade which is not

A settled rule or principle, resting usually on precedents or a course of decisions, regulating the ownership or devolution of property. Yazoo & M. V. R. Co. v. Adame, 81 Miss. 90,

The popular English' name for the regulations governing the navigation of vessels in public waters, with a view to preventing collisions. Sweet.

In American practice. This term is sometimes used, by metonymy, to denote a time or season in the judiclal year when motions may be made and rules token, as special terms or argume

Certain limits without the walls, within which all prisoners in custody in civil actions were allowed to live, upon giving sufficient security to the marshal not to escape. —Rules

The rules for regulating the practice of the different courts, which the judges are empowered to frame and pnt in force as occasion may require, are termed "rules of court." Brown.

Rules made by a legislative body concerning the mode and manner of conducting its business, and for the purpose of making an orderly and proper disposition of the matters bsfore it

In English practice. Certain limits bsyond the walls of the prison, within which all prisoners in custody in civil actions were allowed to live, upon giving security by bond, with

A rule of court, taken by a plaintiff as of course, requiring the defendant to plead within a given time, on pnin of having judgment taken against him by default.

A rule commanding the party to appear and show cause why he shonid not be compelled to do the act required, or why the object of the rule should not be enforced; a rule nisi, (q. v

Flying or popular report; a current story passing from one person to another without any known authority for the truth of it. Webster. It is not generally admissible In evidence. S

n. In American law. A watercourse of small size. Webb v. Bedford, 2 Bibb. (Ky.) 354. v. To have currency or legal validity in a prescribed territory; as, the writ runs throughout t

In old records. Land fuil of brambles and briars. 1 Inst 5a.

In old English law. A load-horse; a sumpter-horse or cart-horse.

A measure of wine, oll, etc., containing eighteen gallons and a half. Cowell.

An open unsettled account, as distinguished from a stated and liquidated account. "Running accounts mean mutual accounts and reciprocal demands between the parties, which accounts

This term is applied to wandering or straying animals.

Days counted in their regular succession on the calendar, including Sundays and holidays. Brown v. Johnson, 10 Mees. & W. 334; Crowell v. Bar-reda, 16 Gray (Mass.) 472; Davis v. Pe

Where a lease provided that the tenancy should not be confined to any portion of the land granted, but allowed the tenant the use of all the land he could clear, it was called in t

A metaphorical expression, by which is meant that the time mentioned in the statute of limitations is considered as passing. 1 Bouv. Inst. no. 861.

A running pollcy is one which contemplates successive insurances, and which provides that the object I of the pollcy may be from time to time defined, especially as to the subjecte

A covenant is said to run with the land when eithor the liability to perform it or the right to take advantage of it passes to the assignee of that land. Brown.

A covenant is said to "run with the reversion" when either the liability to perform it or the right to take advantage of It passes to the assignee of that reversion. Brown.

Lands in Scotland where the ridges of a field belong alternatively to different proprietors. Anciently this kind of possession was advantageous in giving a united interest to tenan

A silver coin of India, rated at 2s. for the current, and 2s. 3d. for the Bombay, rupee.

Lat In the civll law. Broken. A term applied to a wlll. Inst 2, ' 17, 3.

The circuit of an archdeacon's and rural dean's jurisdictions. Every rural deanery is divided into parishes. See 1 Steph. Comm. 117.

In English eccleslas-tical law. Very ancient officers of the church, almost grown out of use, until about the middle of the present century, about which time they were generally re

In the civll law. A servitude annexed to a rural estate, (prœdium rusticum.)

Fr. A trick in war; a stratagem.

Lat In fendal law. Natives of a conquered country. In old English law. Inferior country tenants, churls, or choris, who held cottages and lands by the services of plowing, and othe

Lab A rude, unlearned or unlettered tribunal; a term sometimes applied to arbitrators selected by the parties to settle a dispute. See Underhill v. Van Cortlandt, 2 Johns. Ch. (N.

Lat In maritime law. A rough or rude judgment or decision. A judgment in admiralty dividing the damages caused by a collision between the two ships. 3 Kent, Comm. 231; Story, Bailm

Lat. In the civll law. Things extracted from land; as sand, chalk, coal, and such other matters, —Ruta et casa. In the civil law. Things dug, (as sand and lime,) and things cut, (a

In the civil law. Things dug, (as sand and lime,) and things cut, (as wood, coal, etc.) Dig. 19, 1, 17, 6. Words used in conveyancing.

In India. A peasant, subject or tenant of house or land. Wharton, —Ryot-tenure. A system of land-tenure where the government takes the place of landowners and collects the rent by

A system of land-tenure where the government takes the place of landowners and collects the rent by means of tax gatherers. The farming is done by poor peasants, (ryotB,) who find

Lat. In the Roman law. Money, (literally, brass;) metallic money in general, including gold. Dig. 9, 2, 2, pr.; Id. 9, 2, 27, 5; Id. 50, 16, 159. —Æs alienum. A civil law term sign

One of the names of the first day of the week; more properly called "Sunday," (q. v.) See State v. Drake, 64 N. C. 591; Gunn v. Slate, 89 Ga. 341, 15 S. E. 458. —Sabbath-breaking.

The offense of violating the laws prescribed for the observance of Sunday. State v. Baltimore & O. B. Co., 15 W. Va. 381, 36 Am. Rep. 803; State v. Popp, 45 Md. 433.

In Lat. The Sabbath; aiso peace. Domesday.

A gravel pit or liberty to dig gravel and sand; money paid for the same. Cowell.

A school or sect of Roman jurists, under the early empire, founded by Ateius Capito, who was succeeded by M. Sabinus, from whom the name.

The heraldic term for black. It is called "Saturn," by those who blazon by planets, and "diamond," by those who use the names of jewels. Engravers commonly represent it by numerous

L. Lat. In old maritime law. Ballast.

In old English law. A liberty of holding pleas; the jurisdiction of a manor court; the privllege claimed by a lord of trying actions of trespass betwcen his tenants, in his manor c

In old English law. He that is robbed or by theft deprived of his money or goods, and puis in surety to prosecute the felon with fresh suit. Bract, fol. 154b.

In old Egnlish law. The person from whom a thing had been stolen, and by whom the thief was freshly pursued. Bract, fol. 154b. See Sacabubth.

Lat. In -Roman law. Cutpurses. 4 Steph. Comm. 125.

L. Lat. In old English law. A sack. A quantity of wool weighing thirty or twenty-eight stone. Fleta, 1. 2, c. 79, § 10.