Uniform Commercial Code

Utah · 70A · §§ 70A-12-101 to 70A-9a-904 · 293 sections

Overview

The Uniform Commercial Code governs commercial transactions, with the provisions here covering the sale of goods and the treatment of certain electronic records that function as payment or account rights. For sales, it supplies default rules that fill gaps in contracts — price, delivery, timing, and payment terms — alongside requirements for contract formation and modification, a statute of frauds, limits on the use of extrinsic evidence, and rules on when acceptance with added terms creates a binding agreement. It also establishes warranties that attach to a sale, including title, express warranties created by description or sample, and implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, and it empowers courts to refuse enforcement of unconscionable terms.

Editorial summary generated from the text of this act. It is not part of the statute — read the sections below for the operative language.

In the courts

Sections of this act have been cited in 94 court decisions.

Most-cited authority: 2008 UT 84 - Utah Local Government Trust v. Wheeler MacHinery Co.

Sections covered

Utah Code § 70A-12-101Title
Utah Code § 70A-12-102Definitions
Utah Code § 70A-12-103Relation to Chapter 9a, Uniform Commercial Code - Secured Transactions and consumer laws
Utah Code § 70A-12-104Rights in controllable account, controllable electronic record, and controllable payment intangible
Utah Code § 70A-12-105Control of controllable electronic record
Utah Code § 70A-12-106Discharge of account debtor on controllable account or controllable payment intangible
Utah Code § 70A-12-107Governing law
Utah Code § 70A-2-101Short title4 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-102Scope -- Certain security and other transactions excluded from this chapter
Utah Code § 70A-2-103Definitions and index of definitions
Utah Code § 70A-2-104Definitions -- "Merchant" -- "Between merchants" -- "Financing agency."
Utah Code § 70A-2-105Definitions -- Transferability -- "Goods" -- "Future" goods -- "Lot" -- "Commercial unit."5 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-106Definitions -- "Contract" -- "Agreement" -- "Contract for sale" -- "Sale" -- "Present sale" -- "Conforming" to contract -- "Termination" -- "Cancellation" -- "Hybrid transaction."
Utah Code § 70A-2-107Goods to be severed from realty -- Recording
Utah Code § 70A-2-201Formal requirements -- Statute of frauds
Utah Code § 70A-2-202Final expression -- Parol or extrinsic evidence
Utah Code § 70A-2-203Seals inoperative
Utah Code § 70A-2-204Formation in general1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-205Firm offers
Utah Code § 70A-2-206Offer and acceptance in formation of contract1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-207Additional terms in acceptance or confirmation2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-208Course of performance or practical construction3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-209Modification, rescission, and waiver
Utah Code § 70A-2-210Delegation of performance -- Assignment of rights
Utah Code § 70A-2-301General obligations of parties
Utah Code § 70A-2-302Unconscionable contract or clause4 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-303Allocation or division of risks
Utah Code § 70A-2-304Price payable in money, goods, realty, or otherwise
Utah Code § 70A-2-305Open price term1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-306Output, requirements and exclusive dealings1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-307Delivery in single lot or several lots
Utah Code § 70A-2-308Absence of specified place for delivery
Utah Code § 70A-2-309Absence of specific time provisions -- Notice of termination1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-310Open time for payment or running of credit -- Authority to ship under reservation
Utah Code § 70A-2-311Options and cooperation respecting performance
Utah Code § 70A-2-312Warranty of title and against infringement -- Buyer's obligation against infringement3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-313Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description, sample5 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-314Implied warranty -- Merchantability -- Usage of trade2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-315Implied warranty -- Fitness for particular purpose2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-316Exclusion or modification of warranties -- Livestock3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-317Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-318Third-party beneficiaries of warranties express or implied3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-319F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms
Utah Code § 70A-2-320C.I.F. and C.&F. terms
Utah Code § 70A-2-321C.I.F. or C.&F. -- "Net landed weights" -- "Payment on arrival" -- Warranty of condition on arrival
Utah Code § 70A-2-322Delivery "ex-ship."
Utah Code § 70A-2-323Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment -- "Overseas."
Utah Code § 70A-2-324"No arrival, no sale" term
Utah Code § 70A-2-325"Letter of credit" term -- "Confirmed credit."
Utah Code § 70A-2-326Sale on approval and sale or return -- Rights of creditors
Utah Code § 70A-2-327Special incidents of sale on approval and sale or return2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-328Sale by auction
Utah Code § 70A-2-401Passing of title -- Reservation for security -- Limited application of this section2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-402Rights of seller's creditors against sold goods
Utah Code § 70A-2-403Power to transfer -- Good faith purchase of goods -- Definition of entrusting
Utah Code § 70A-2-501Insurable interest in goods -- Manner of identification of goods
Utah Code § 70A-2-502Buyer's right to goods on seller's repudiation, failure to deliver, or insolvency
Utah Code § 70A-2-503Manner of seller's tender of delivery
Utah Code § 70A-2-504Shipment by seller
Utah Code § 70A-2-505Seller's shipment under reservation
Utah Code § 70A-2-506Rights of financing agency
Utah Code § 70A-2-507Effect of seller's tender -- Delivery on condition of payment
Utah Code § 70A-2-508Cure by seller of improper tender or delivery -- Replacement
Utah Code § 70A-2-509Risk of loss in the absence of breach
Utah Code § 70A-2-510Effect of breach on risk of loss
Utah Code § 70A-2-511Tender of payment by buyer -- Payment by check
Utah Code § 70A-2-512Payment by buyer before inspection
Utah Code § 70A-2-513Buyer's right to inspection of goods1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-514When documents deliverable on acceptance -- When on payment
Utah Code § 70A-2-515Preserving evidence of goods in dispute
Utah Code § 70A-2-601Buyer's rights on improper delivery
Utah Code § 70A-2-602Manner and effect of rightful rejection1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-603Merchant buyer's duties as to rightfully rejected goods
Utah Code § 70A-2-604Buyer's options as to salvage of rightfully rejected goods
Utah Code § 70A-2-605Waiver of buyer's objections by failure to particularize
Utah Code § 70A-2-606What constitutes acceptance of goods1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-607Effect of acceptance -- Notice of breach -- Burden of establishing breach after acceptance -- Notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-608Revocation of acceptance in whole or in part3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-609Right to adequate assurance of performance1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-610Anticipatory repudiation
Utah Code § 70A-2-611Retraction of anticipatory repudiation1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-612"Installment contract" -- Breach
Utah Code § 70A-2-613Casualty to identified goods
Utah Code § 70A-2-614Substituted performance
Utah Code § 70A-2-615Excuse by failure of presupposed conditions
Utah Code § 70A-2-616Procedure on notice claiming excuse
Utah Code § 70A-2-701Remedies for breach of collateral contracts not impaired
Utah Code § 70A-2-702Seller's remedies on discovery of buyer's insolvency
Utah Code § 70A-2-703Seller's remedies in general
Utah Code § 70A-2-704Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods
Utah Code § 70A-2-705Seller's stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise
Utah Code § 70A-2-706Seller's resale including contract for resale -- Notice requirements
Utah Code § 70A-2-707"Person in the position of a seller."
Utah Code § 70A-2-708Seller's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-709Action for the price1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-710Seller's incidental damages
Utah Code § 70A-2-711Buyer's remedies in general -- Buyer's security interest in rejected goods2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-712"Cover" -- Buyer's procurement of substitute goods1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-713Buyer's damages for nondelivery or repudiation2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-714Buyer's damages for breach in regard to accepted goods2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-715Buyer's incidental and consequential damages2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-716Buyer's right to specific performance or replevin
Utah Code § 70A-2-717Deduction of damages from the price1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-718Liquidation or limitation of damages -- Deposits1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-2-719Contractual modification or limitation of remedy2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-720Effect of "cancellation" or "rescission" on claims for antecedent breach
Utah Code § 70A-2-721Remedies for fraud
Utah Code § 70A-2-722Who can sue third parties for injury to goods
Utah Code § 70A-2-723Proof of market price -- Time and place
Utah Code § 70A-2-724Admissibility of market quotations
Utah Code § 70A-2-725Statute of limitations in contracts for sale3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-2-801Title
Utah Code § 70A-2-802Definitions
Utah Code § 70A-2-803Warranties
Utah Code § 70A-2-804Nonconforming assistive technology -- Remedies
Utah Code § 70A-2-805Refunds -- Computation -- Prohibition of enforcement of lease against consumer
Utah Code § 70A-2-806Resale or release of returned assistive technology -- Prohibition
Utah Code § 70A-2-807Consumer may not waive rights under chapter -- Enforcement -- Remedies not exclusive
Utah Code § 70A-5-101Title
Utah Code § 70A-5-102Definitions
Utah Code § 70A-5-103Scope
Utah Code § 70A-5-104Formal requirements
Utah Code § 70A-5-105Consideration
Utah Code § 70A-5-106Issuance, amendment, cancellation, and duration
Utah Code § 70A-5-107Confirmer, nominated person, and adviser
Utah Code § 70A-5-108Issuer's rights and obligations
Utah Code § 70A-5-109Fraud and forgery
Utah Code § 70A-5-110Warranties
Utah Code § 70A-5-111Remedies
Utah Code § 70A-5-112Transfer of letter of credit
Utah Code § 70A-5-113Transfer by operation of law
Utah Code § 70A-5-114Assignment of proceeds
Utah Code § 70A-5-115Statute of limitations
Utah Code § 70A-5-116Choice of law and forum
Utah Code § 70A-5-117Subrogation of issuer, applicant, and nominated person
Utah Code § 70A-5-118Security interest of issuer or nominated person
Utah Code § 70A-5-119Applicability
Utah Code § 70A-5-120Savings clause
Utah Code § 70A-9a-101Title3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-9a-102Definitions and index of definitions
Utah Code § 70A-9a-102.1Definitions from other chapters
Utah Code § 70A-9a-103Purchase-money security interest -- Application of payments -- Burden of establishing3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-9a-104Control of deposit account
Utah Code § 70A-9a-105Control of electronic copy of record evidencing chattel paper
Utah Code § 70A-9a-105.1Control of electronic money
Utah Code § 70A-9a-106Control of investment property
Utah Code § 70A-9a-107Control of letter-of-credit right
Utah Code § 70A-9a-107.1Control of controllable electronic record, controllable account, or controllable payment intangible
Utah Code § 70A-9a-107.2No requirement to acknowledge or confirm -- No duties
Utah Code § 70A-9a-108Sufficiency of description
Utah Code § 70A-9a-109Scope2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-9a-110Security interests arising under Chapter 2 or 2a
Utah Code § 70A-9a-201General effectiveness of security agreement3 cites
Utah Code § 70A-9a-202Title to collateral immaterial
Utah Code § 70A-9a-203Attachment and enforceability of security interest -- Proceeds -- Supporting obligations -- Formal requisites
Utah Code § 70A-9a-204After-acquired property -- Future advances
Utah Code § 70A-9a-205Use or disposition of collateral permissible
Utah Code § 70A-9a-206Security interest arising in purchase or delivery of financial asset
Utah Code § 70A-9a-207Rights and duties of secured party having possession or control of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-208Additional duties of secured party having control of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-209Duties of secured party if account debtor has been notified of assignment
Utah Code § 70A-9a-210Request for accounting -- Request regarding list of collateral or statement of account
Utah Code § 70A-9a-301Law governing perfection and priority of security interests
Utah Code § 70A-9a-302Law governing perfection and priority of agricultural liens
Utah Code § 70A-9a-303Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in goods covered by a certificate of title
Utah Code § 70A-9a-304Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in deposit accounts
Utah Code § 70A-9a-305Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in investment property
Utah Code § 70A-9a-306Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in letter-of-credit rights
Utah Code § 70A-9a-306.1Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in chattel paper
Utah Code § 70A-9a-306.2Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, and controllable payment intangibles
Utah Code § 70A-9a-307Location of debtor
Utah Code § 70A-9a-308When security interest or agricultural lien is perfected -- Continuity of perfection
Utah Code § 70A-9a-309Security interest perfected upon attachment
Utah Code § 70A-9a-310When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien -- Security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply
Utah Code § 70A-9a-311Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties
Utah Code § 70A-9a-312Perfection of security interests in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, negotiable documents, goods covered by documents, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, and money -- Perfection by permissive filing -- Temporary perfection without filing or transfer of possession
Utah Code § 70A-9a-313When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing
Utah Code § 70A-9a-314Perfection by control
Utah Code § 70A-9a-314.1Perfection by possession and control of chattel paper
Utah Code § 70A-9a-315Secured party's rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds
Utah Code § 70A-9a-316Effect of change in governing law
Utah Code § 70A-9a-317Interests that take priority over or take free of security interest or agricultural lien
Utah Code § 70A-9a-318No interest retained in right to payment that is sold -- Rights and title of seller of account or chattel paper with respect to creditors and purchasers2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-9a-319Rights and title of consignee with respect to creditors and purchasers
Utah Code § 70A-9a-320Buyer of goods
Utah Code § 70A-9a-321Licensee of general intangible and lessee of goods in ordinary course of business
Utah Code § 70A-9a-322Priorities among conflicting security interests in and agricultural liens on same collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-323Future advances
Utah Code § 70A-9a-324Priority of purchase-money security interests
Utah Code § 70A-9a-325Priority of security interests in transferred collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-326Priority of security interests created by new debtor
Utah Code § 70A-9a-326.1Priority of security interest in controllable account, controllable electronic record, and controllable payment intangible
Utah Code § 70A-9a-327Priority of security interests in deposit account1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-9a-328Priority of security interests in investment property
Utah Code § 70A-9a-329Priority of security interests in letter-of-credit right
Utah Code § 70A-9a-330Priority of purchaser of chattel paper or instrument
Utah Code § 70A-9a-331Priority of rights of purchasers of controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, documents, instruments, and securities under other chapters -- Priority of interests in financial assets and security entitlements and protection against assertion of claim under Chapter 8, Uniform Commercial Code -- Investment Securities, and Chapter 12, Uniform Commercial Code - Controllable Electronic Records
Utah Code § 70A-9a-332Transfer of money -- Transfer of funds from deposit account
Utah Code § 70A-9a-333Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law
Utah Code § 70A-9a-334Priority of security interests in fixtures and crops
Utah Code § 70A-9a-335Accessions
Utah Code § 70A-9a-336Commingled goods
Utah Code § 70A-9a-337Priority of security interests in goods covered by certificate of title
Utah Code § 70A-9a-338Priority of security interest or agricultural lien perfected by filed financing statement providing certain incorrect information
Utah Code § 70A-9a-339Priority subject to subordination
Utah Code § 70A-9a-340Effectiveness of right of recoupment or set-off against deposit account
Utah Code § 70A-9a-341Bank's rights and duties with respect to deposit account
Utah Code § 70A-9a-342Bank's right to refuse to enter into or disclose existence of control agreement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-401Alienability of debtor's rights
Utah Code § 70A-9a-402Secured party not obligated on contract of debtor or in tort
Utah Code § 70A-9a-403Agreement not to assert defenses against assignee
Utah Code § 70A-9a-404Rights acquired by assignee -- Claims and defenses against assignee
Utah Code § 70A-9a-405Modification of assigned contract
Utah Code § 70A-9a-406Discharge of account debtor -- Notification of assignment -- Identification and proof of assignment -- Restrictions on assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, and promissory notes ineffective
Utah Code § 70A-9a-407Restrictions on creation or enforcement of security interest in leasehold interest or in lessor's residual interest
Utah Code § 70A-9a-408Restrictions on assignment of promissory notes, health-care-insurance receivables, and certain general intangibles ineffective
Utah Code § 70A-9a-409Restrictions on assignment of letter-of-credit rights ineffective
Utah Code § 70A-9a-501Filing office
Utah Code § 70A-9a-502Contents of financing statement -- Record of mortgage as financing statement -- Time of filing financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-503Name of debtor and secured party
Utah Code § 70A-9a-504Indication of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-505Filing and compliance with other statutes and treaties for consignments, leases, other bailments, and other transactions
Utah Code § 70A-9a-506Effect of errors or omissions1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-9a-507Effect of certain events on effectiveness of financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-508Effectiveness of financing statement if new debtor becomes bound by security agreement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-509Persons entitled to file a record
Utah Code § 70A-9a-510Effectiveness of filed record
Utah Code § 70A-9a-511Secured party of record
Utah Code § 70A-9a-512Amendment of financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-513Termination statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-513.5Termination of wrongfully filed financing statement -- Reinstatement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-514Assignment of powers of secured party of record
Utah Code § 70A-9a-515Duration and effectiveness of financing statement -- Effect of lapsed financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-516What constitutes filing -- Effectiveness of filing
Utah Code § 70A-9a-517Effect of indexing errors
Utah Code § 70A-9a-518Claim concerning inaccurate or wrongfully filed record
Utah Code § 70A-9a-519Numbering, maintaining, and indexing records -- Communicating information provided in records
Utah Code § 70A-9a-520Acceptance and refusal to accept record
Utah Code § 70A-9a-521Uniform form of written financing statement and amendment
Utah Code § 70A-9a-522Maintenance and destruction of records
Utah Code § 70A-9a-523Information from filing office -- Sale or license of records
Utah Code § 70A-9a-524Delay by filing office
Utah Code § 70A-9a-525Fees
Utah Code § 70A-9a-526Filing-office rules
Utah Code § 70A-9a-601Rights after default -- Judicial enforcement -- Consignor or buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes
Utah Code § 70A-9a-602Waiver and variance of rights and duties
Utah Code § 70A-9a-603Agreement on standards concerning rights and duties
Utah Code § 70A-9a-604Procedure if security agreement covers real property or fixtures1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-9a-605Unknown debtor or secondary obligor
Utah Code § 70A-9a-606Time of default for agricultural lien
Utah Code § 70A-9a-607Collection and enforcement by secured party
Utah Code § 70A-9a-608Application of proceeds of collection or enforcement -- Liability for deficiency and right to surplus
Utah Code § 70A-9a-609Secured party's right to take possession after default
Utah Code § 70A-9a-610Disposition of collateral after default1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-9a-611Notification before disposition of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-612Timeliness of notification before disposition of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-613Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral -- General
Utah Code § 70A-9a-614Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral -- Consumer-goods transaction
Utah Code § 70A-9a-615Application of proceeds of disposition -- Liability for deficiency and right to surplus
Utah Code § 70A-9a-616Explanation of calculation of surplus or deficiency
Utah Code § 70A-9a-617Rights of transferee of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-618Rights and duties of certain secondary obligors
Utah Code § 70A-9a-619Transfer of record or legal title
Utah Code § 70A-9a-620Acceptance of collateral in full or partial satisfaction of obligation -- Compulsory disposition of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-621Notification of proposal to accept collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-622Effect of acceptance of collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-623Right to redeem collateral
Utah Code § 70A-9a-624Waiver
Utah Code § 70A-9a-625Remedies for secured party's failure to comply with chapter1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-9a-626Action in which deficiency or surplus is in issue1 cite
Utah Code § 70A-9a-627Determination of whether conduct was commercially reasonable
Utah Code § 70A-9a-628Nonliability and limitation on liability of secured party -- Liability of secondary obligor
Utah Code § 70A-9a-701Effective date -- Terminology
Utah Code § 70A-9a-702Savings clause2 cites
Utah Code § 70A-9a-703Security interest perfected before effective date
Utah Code § 70A-9a-704Security interest unperfected before effective date
Utah Code § 70A-9a-705Effectiveness of action taken before effective date
Utah Code § 70A-9a-706When initial financing statement suffices to continue effectiveness of financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-707Amendment of pre-effective-date financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-708Persons entitled to file initial financing statement or continuation statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-709Priority
Utah Code § 70A-9a-801Savings clause
Utah Code § 70A-9a-802Security interest perfected before effective date
Utah Code § 70A-9a-803Security interest unperfected before effective date
Utah Code § 70A-9a-804Effectiveness of action taken before effective date
Utah Code § 70A-9a-805When initial financing statement suffices to continue effectiveness of financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-806Amendment of pre-effective-date financing statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-807Person entitled to file initial financing statement or continuation statement
Utah Code § 70A-9a-808Priority
Utah Code § 70A-9a-901Coercion unlawful
Utah Code § 70A-9a-902Abuse of programmability unlawful
Utah Code § 70A-9a-903Remedies
Utah Code § 70A-9a-904Asset sale or purchase not prohibited

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