Uniform Commercial Code
New York · UCC · §§ 1-101 to 12-107 · 253 sections
Overview
The Uniform Commercial Code governs commercial transactions, with the provisions here covering the sale of goods and the treatment of certain electronic records that function as payment or account rights. For sales, it supplies default rules that fill gaps in contracts — price, delivery, timing, and payment terms — alongside requirements for contract formation and modification, a statute of frauds, limits on the use of extrinsic evidence, and rules on when acceptance with added terms creates a binding agreement. It also establishes warranties that attach to a sale, including title, express warranties created by description or sample, and implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, and it empowers courts to refuse enforcement of unconscionable terms.
Editorial summary generated from the text of this act. It is not part of the statute — read the sections below for the operative language.
In the courts
Sections of this act have been cited in 14 court decisions.
Most-cited authority: 117 F. Supp. 3d 474 - Great Wall de Venezuela C.A. v. Interaudi Bank
Sections covered
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-101Short Titles
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-102Scope of Article
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-103Construction of Uniform Commercial Code to Promote its Purposes and Policies; Applicability of Supplemental Principles of Law
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-104Construction Against Implied Repeal
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-105Severability
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-106Use of Singular and Plural; Gender
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-107Section Captions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-108Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-201General Definitions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-202Notice; Knowledge
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-203Lease Distinguished From Security Interest1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-204Value
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-205Reasonable Time; Seasonableness
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-206Presumptions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-207Statute of Frauds for Kinds of Personal Property Not Otherwise Covered
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-301Territorial Applicability; Parties' Power to Choose Applicable Law
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-302Variation by Agreement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-303Course of Performance, Course of Dealing, and Usage of Trade
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-304Obligation of Good Faith
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-305Remedies to be Liberally Administered
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-306Waiver or Renunciation of Claim or Right After Breach
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-307Prima Facie evidence by Third-party Documents
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-308Performance or Acceptance Under Reservation of Rights
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-309Option to Accelerate at Will
- N.Y. U.C.C. 1-310Subordinated Obligations
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-101Short title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-102Definitions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-103Scope
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-104Formal requirements
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-105Consideration
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-106Issuance, amendment, cancellation, and duration
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-107Confirmer, nominated person, and advisor
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-108Issuer's rights and obligations
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-109Fraud and forgery2 cites
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-110Warranties
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-111Remedies
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-112Transfer of letter of credit
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-113Transfer by operation of law
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-114Assignment of proceeds
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-115Statute of limitations
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-116Choice of law and forum
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-117Subrogation of issuer, applicant, and nominated person
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-118Security Interest of Issuer or Nominated Person
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-119Applicability
- N.Y. U.C.C. 5-120Savings clause
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-101Short title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-102Definitions and Index of Definitions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-103Relation of Article to Treaty or Statute
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-104Negotiable and Nonnegotiable Document of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-105Reissuance in Alternative Medium
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-106Control of Electronic Document of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-201Person That May Issue a Warehouse Receipt; Storage Under Bond
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-202Form of Warehouse Receipt; Effect of Omission
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-203Liability for Nonreceipt or Misdescription
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-204Duty of Care; Contractual Limitation of Warehouse's Liability
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-205Title Under Warehouse Receipt Defeated in Certain Cases
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-206Termination of Storage at Warehouse's Option
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-207Goods Must Be Kept Separate; Fungible Goods
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-208Altered Warehouse Receipts
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-209Lien of Warehouse
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-210Enforcement of Warehouse's Lien1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-301Liability for Nonreceipt or Misdescription; "Said to Contain"; "Shipper's Weight, Load, and Count"; Improper Handling
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-302Through Bills of Lading and Similar Documents of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-303Diversion; Reconsignment; Change of Instructions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-304Tangible Bills of Lading in a Set
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-305Destination Bills
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-306Altered Bills of Lading
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-307Lien of Carrier
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-308Enforcement of Carrier's Lien
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-309Duty of Care; Contractual Limitation of Carrier's Liability
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-401Irregularities in Issue of Receipt or Bill or Conduct of Issuer
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-402Duplicate Document of Title; Overissue
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-403Obligation of Bailee to Deliver; Excuse
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-404No Liability for Good-Faith Delivery Pursuant to Document of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-501Form of Negotiation and Requirements of Due Negotiation
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-502Rights Acquired by Due Negotiation
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-503Document of Title to Goods Defeated in Certain Cases
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-504Rights Acquired in Absence of Due Negotiation; Effect of Diversion; Stoppage of Delivery
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-505Indorser Not Guarantor for Other Parties
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-506Delivery Without Indorsement: Right to Compel Indorsement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-507Warranties on Negotiation or Delivery of Document of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-508Warranties of Collecting Bank as to Documents of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-509Adequate Compliance With Commercial Contract
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-601Lost, Stolen, or Destroyed Documents of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-602Judicial Process Against Goods Covered by Negotiable Document of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 7-603Conflicting Claims; Interpleader
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-101Short Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-102Definitions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-103Rules for Determining Whether Certain Obligations and Interests are Securities or Financial Assets
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-104Acquisition of Security or Financial Asset or Interest Therein
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-105Notice of Adverse Claim
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-106Control
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-107Whether Indorsement, Instruction, or Entitlement Order is Effective
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-108Warranties in Direct Holding
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-109Warranties in Indirect Holding
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-110Applicability; Choice of Law
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-111Clearing Corporation Rules
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-112Creditor's Legal Process1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-113Statute of Frauds Generally Inapplicable1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-114Evidentiary Rules Concerning Certificated Securities
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-115Securities Intermediary and Others Not Liable to Adverse Claimant
- N.Y. U.C.C. 8-116Securities Intermediary as Purchaser for Value
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-101Short Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-102Definitions And Index of Definitions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-103Purchase-money Security Interest; Application of Payments; Burden of Establishing
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-104Control of Deposit Account
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-105Control of Electronic Copy of Record Evidencing Chattel Paper
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-105aControl of Electronic Money
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-106Control of Investment Property
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-107Control of Letter-of-credit Right
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-107aControl of Controllable Electronic Record, Controllable Account, or Controllable Payment Intangible
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-107bNo Requirement to Acknowledge or Confirm; No Duties
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-108Sufficiency of Description
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-109Scope2 cites
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-110Security Interests Arising Under Article 2 or 2-A
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-201General Effectiveness of Security Agreement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-202Title to Collateral Immaterial
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-203Attachment and Enforceability of Security Interest; Proceeds; Supporting Obligations; Formal Requisites
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-204After-acquired Property; Future Advances
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-205Use or Disposition of Collateral Permissible
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-206Security Interest Arising in Purchase or Delivery of Financial Asset
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-207Rights and Duties of Secured Party Having Possession or Control of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-208Additional Duties of Secured Party Having Control of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-209Duties of Secured Party If Account Debtor Has Been Notified of Assignment
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-210Request for Accounting; Request Regarding List of Collateral or Statement of Account
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-301Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-302Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Agricultural Liens
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-303Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Goods Covered by a Certificate of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-304Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Deposit Accounts
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-305Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Investment Property
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-306Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Letter-of-credit Rights
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-306aLaw Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Chattel Paper
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-306bLaw Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Controllable Accounts, Controllable Electronic Records, and Controllable P..
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-307Location of Debtor
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-308When Security Interest or Agricultural Lien Is Perfected; Continuity of Perfection
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-309Security Interest Perfected upon Attachment
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-310When Filing Required to Perfect Security Interest or Agricultural Lien; Security Interests and Agricultural Liens to Which Filing Provisi..
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-311Perfection of Security Interests in Property Subject to Certain Statutes, Regulations, and Treaties
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-312Perfection of Security Interests in Chattel Paper, Controllable Accounts, Controllable Electronic Records, Controllable Payment Intangibl..
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-313When Possession by or Delivery to Secured Party Perfects Security Interest Without Filing
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-314Perfection by Control
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-314aPerfection by Possession and Control of Chattel Paper
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-315Secured Party's Rights on Disposition of Collateral and in Proceeds
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-316Effect of Change in Governing Law
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-317Interests That Take Priority over or Take Free of Security Interest or Agricultural Lien
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-318No Interest Retained in Right to Payment That Is Sold; Rights and Title of Seller of Account or Chattel Paper with Respect to Creditors a..
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-319Rights and Title of Consignee with Respect to Creditors and Purchasers1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-320Buyer of Goods
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-321Licensee of General Intangible and Lessee of Goods in Ordinary Course of Business
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-322Priorities among Conflicting Security Interests in and Agricultural Liens on Same Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-323Future Advances
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-324Priority of Purchase-money Security Interests
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-325Priority of Security Interests in Transferred Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-326Priority of Security Interests Created by New Debtor
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-326aPriority of Security Interest in Controllable Account, Controllable Electronic Record, and Controllable Payment Intangible
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-327Priority of Security Interests in Deposit Account
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-328Priority of Security Interests in Investment Property
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-329Priority of Security Interests in Letter-of-credit Right
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-330Priority of Purchaser of Chattel Paper or Instrument
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-331Priority of Rights of Purchasers of Controllable Accounts, Controllable Electronic Records, Controllable Payment Intangibles, Documents, ..
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-332Transfer of Money; Transfer of Funds from Deposit Account
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-333Priority of Certain Liens Arising by Operation of Law
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-334Priority of Security Interests in Fixtures and Crops
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-335Accessions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-336Commingled Goods
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-337Priority of Security Interests in Goods Covered by Certificate of Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-338Priority of Security Interest or Agricultural Lien Perfected by Filed Financing Statement Providing Certain Incorrect Information
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-339Priority Subject to Subordination
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-340Effectiveness of Right of Recoupment or Set-off Against Deposit Account
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-341Bank's Rights and Duties with Respect to Deposit Account
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-342Bank's Right to Refuse to Enter into or Disclose Existence of Control Agreement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-401Alienability of Debtor's Rights
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-402Secured Party Not Obligated on Contract of Debtor or in Tort
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-403Agreement Not to Assert Defenses Against Assignee
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-404Rights Acquired by Assignee; Claims and Defenses Against Assignee
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-405Modification of Assigned Contract
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-406Discharge of Account Debtor; Notification of Assignment; Identification and Proof of Assignment; Restrictions on Assignment of Accounts, ..
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-407Restrictions on Creation or Enforcement of Security Interest in Leasehold Interest or in Lessor's Residual Interest
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-408Restrictions on Assignment of Promissory Notes, Health-care-insurance Receivables, and Certain General Intangibles Ineffective
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-409Restrictions on Assignment of Letter-of-credit Rights Ineffective
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-501Filing Office
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-502Contents of Financing Statement; Record of Mortgage as Financing Statement; Time of Filing Financing Statement; Contents of Cooperative A..
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-503Name of Debtor and Secured Party
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-504Indication of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-505Filing and Compliance with Other Statutes and Treaties for Consignments, Leases, Other Bailments, and Other Transactions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-506Effect of Errors or Omissions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-507Effect of Certain Events on Effectiveness of Financing Statement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-508Effectiveness of Financing Statement If New Debtor Becomes Bound by Security Agreement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-509Persons Entitled to File a Record
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-510Effectiveness of Filed Record
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-511Secured Party of Record
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-512Amendment of Financing Statement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-513Termination Statement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-514Assignment of Powers of Secured Party of Record
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-515Duration and Effectiveness of Financing Statement; Effect of Lapsed Financing Statement2 cites
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-516What Constitutes Filing; Effectiveness of Filing
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-517Effect of Indexing Errors
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-518Claim Concerning Inaccurate or Wrongfully Filed Record
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-519Numbering, Maintaining, and Indexing Records; Communicating Information Provided in Records
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-520Acceptance and Refusal to Accept Record
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-521Uniform Form of Written Financing Statement; Amendment; and Cooperative Addendum
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-522Maintenance and Destruction of Records
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-523Information from Filing Office; Sale or License of Records
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-524Delay by Filing Office
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-525Fees
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-526Filing-office Rules
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-527Duty to Report
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-601Rights after Default; Judicial Enforcement; Consignor or Buyer of Accounts, Chattel Paper, Payment Intangibles, or Promissory Notes
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-602Waiver and Variance of Rights and Duties1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-603Agreement on Standards Concerning Rights and Duties
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-604Procedure If Security Agreement Covers Real Property, Fixtures, or Cooperative Interests
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-605Unknown Debtor or Secondary Obligor
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-606Time of Default for Agricultural Lien
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-607Collection and Enforcement by Secured Party
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-608Application of Proceeds of Collection or Enforcement; Liability for Deficiency and Right to Surplus
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-609Secured Party's Right to Take Possession after Default1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-610Disposition of Collateral after Default
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-611Notification Before Disposition of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-612Timeliness of Notification Before Disposition of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-613Contents and Form of Notification Before Disposition of Collateral: General
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-614Contents and Form of Notification Before Disposition of Collateral: Consumer-goods Transaction
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-615Application of Proceeds of Disposition; Liability for Deficiency and Right to Surplus
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-616Explanation of Calculation of Surplus or Deficiency
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-617Rights of Transferee of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-618Rights and Duties of Certain Secondary Obligors
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-619Transfer of Record or Legal Title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-620Acceptance of Collateral in Full or Partial Satisfaction of Obligation; Compulsory Disposition of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-621Notification of Proposal to Accept Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-622Effect of Acceptance of Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-623Right to Redeem Collateral
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-624Waiver
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-625Remedies for Secured Party's Failure to Comply with Article
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-626Action in Which Deficiency or Surplus is in Issue1 cite
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-627Determination of Whether Conduct Was Commercially Reasonable
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-628Nonliability and Limitation on Liability of Secured Party; Liability of Secondary Obligor
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-700Definitions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-701Effective Date
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-702Savings Clause
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-703Security Interest Perfected Before Effective Date
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-704Security Interest Unperfected Before Effective Date
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-705Effectiveness of Action Taken Before Effective Date
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-706When Initial Financing Statement Suffices to Continue Effectiveness of Financing Statement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-707Amendment of Pre-effective-date Financing Statement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-708Persons Entitled to File Initial Financing Statement or Continuation Statement
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-709Priority
- N.Y. U.C.C. 9-710Transitional Provision for Maintaining and Searching Local-Filing Office Records
- N.Y. U.C.C. 12-101Short title
- N.Y. U.C.C. 12-102Definitions
- N.Y. U.C.C. 12-103Relation to Article 9 and Consumer Laws
- N.Y. U.C.C. 12-104Rights in Controllable Account, Controllable Electronic Record, and Controllable Payment Intangible
- N.Y. U.C.C. 12-105Control of Controllable Electronic Record
- N.Y. U.C.C. 12-106Discharge of Account Debtor on Controllable Account or Controllable Payment Intangible
- N.Y. U.C.C. 12-107Governing Law
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