A Dictionary of Law

Tenure by free services; freehold tenure.

A franchise for the preserving and custody of beasts and fowls of warren. 2 Bl. Comm. 39, 417; Co. Litt. 233. This franchise gave the grantee sole Tight of killing, so far as his w

The rent reserved on granting a fee-farm. It might be one-fourth the value of the land, according to Cowell; one-third, according to other authors. Spelman; Termes de la Ley; 2 Bl.

Freight is properly the price or compensation paid for the transportation of goods by a carrier, at sea, from port to port. But the term is also used to denote the hire paid for th

In maritime law. The party by whom a vessel is engaged or chartered; olherwise called the “charterer.” 2 Steph. Comm. 148. In French law, thecwner ofa vessel is called the “freight

In early times, in English law, this term was applied to every stranger or “outlandish” man. Bract. lib. 3, ty. 2, co 15,

Sax. An outlaw. So called because on his outlawry he was denied all help of friends after certain days. Cowell; Blount.

inold Englishlaw. A mulct or fine exacted from him who harbored an outlawed friend. Cowell; Tomlins,

Inold Englishlaw. A madman, or person ina frenzy. Fleta, lib. I, c. 36.

A free-surety, or freepledge. Spelman. See FRANK-PLEDGE,

Acertain portion of the produce of the land due by the grantee to the lord aceording to the terms of the charter. Spel. Feuds, c. 7.

2. To visit often; to resort to often or habitually. 109 Ind. 176, 9 N. E. Rep. 7381. Frequentia actus multum operatur. The frequency of an act effects much. 4 Coke, 78; Wing. Max.

A brother. Frere eyne, elder brother. rere puisne, younger brother, Britt. ¢. 75.

In ald records. Fresh water, or rain and land flood.

By the ancient common law, where a man had been disseised, he was allowed to right himself by force, by ejecling the disseisor from the premises, without resort to law, provided th

A flood, or overflowing of a river, by means of rains or melted snow; an inundation, 8 Phila. 42.

In old English law. A

Force done within forty days. Fitzh. Nat. Brev. 7; Old Nat. Brey. 4. The heir or reversioner in acase of disseisin by fresh force was allowed a remedy in chancery by bill before th

A pursuit instituted immediately, and with intent to reclaim or recapture, after an animal escaped, a thief flying with stolen goods, ete.

In old English law. Immediate and unremitting pursuit of an escaping thief. “Such a present and earnest following of a robberas never ceases from the time of the robbery until appr

(Fr. In French marine law. Freight. Ord. Mar. Hy. 3, tit. 3.

Fr. In French marine law. To freight a ship; toletit. imerig, Tr. des Ags. c. 11, § 3.

Fr. In French marine law. Freighter. The owner of a ship, who lets it tothe merchant. Emerig, Tr.dea Ass. c. 11, § 3. A

FRECTUM. In old English law. The freight of a ship; freight money. Cowell,

A strait,

The atrait between Dover and Calais.

To reduce to a feudal tenure; to conform to feudalism. Webster.

An order of religious persons, of whom there were four principal branches, viz: (1) Minors, Grey Friars, or Franeiscans; (2) Augustines; (3) Dominicans, or Black Friars; (4) White

In the civil law. A temporary separation between husband and wife, caused by a quarrel or estrangement, but not amounting to a divorce, because not accotupanied with an intention t

In old English Jaw. An outlaw; so called because he was denied all help of friends. Dract. lib, 3, tr. ? ec, 12,

In English law. Associations supported by subscription, for the relief and maintenance of the ES members, or their wives, children, relatives, SS and nominees, in sickness, infancy

A suit brought by a creditor in chancery against an executor or administralor, being really a suit by the exee ecutor or administrator, in the name of a creditor, against himself,

See Ami ous CURLE.

Impotence. Johnson.

Persons of free descent, or freemen born; the middie class of persons among the Saxons. Spelman.

Asatisfaction or fine for a breach of the peace.

The breaking of the peace. Cowell.

The year of jubilee, or of meeting for peace and friendship. Jacob,

Guildhall; a company or fraternity for the maintenance of peace and security; also a fine for breach of the peace. Jacob.

<A member of a company or fralernity. Blount.

Suraty of defense.

A spot or plot of land, encircling some stone, tree, or well, considered sacred, and therefore affording sanctuary to criminals,

An answer or plea is called “frivolous” when itis clearly insuticient on its face, and does not controvert the material points of the opposite pleading, and is presumably interpose

cr FREOMORTEL. An immunity for committing manslaughter, Mon. Angl. t. 1, p. 1738. FRONTAGE—FRONTAGER. In Enplish law a frontager is a person owning or occupying land which abuts on

In Enplish law a frontager is a person owning or occupying land which abuts on a highway, Tiver, sea-shore, or the like. The term is generally used with reference to the liability

Lat. In the civil Jaw. One who had the usufruct of a thing; i. e., the use of the fruits, prolits, or increase, as of lund or animals, Inst. 2, 1, 36, 38. Bracton applies it to a l

Lat. In thecivil law. Fruit, fruits; produce; protit or increase; the organic productions of athing. Fructus fundi, the fruits of land. Fructus pecudum, the produce of flocks. The

(Lat. Civil fruits.) All revenues and recompenses which, thougna

Industrial fruits, or fruits of industry. Those fruits of a thing, as of land, which are produced by the labor and industry of the occupant, as erops of grain; as distinguished fro

Those produets which are produced by the powers of nature alone; as wool, metals, milk, the young of animals.

MHanging fruits; those not severed. The fruits united with the thing which producesthem. These form a part of the principal thing. Fructus pendentes pars fundi videntur. Hanging fr

The fruits of another's property; fruits taken from another's estate.

The equivalent of “seigin” under the feudal system

A fee which the paternal anceslors had held for four generations. Calvin. One descendible to hvirs on the paternal side only. 2 Bl. Comm. 223. One which might be held by males only

In the civil law. Anything produced from vines, underwood, chalk-pits, stone-quarries. Dig. 50, 16, 77. Grains and leguminous vegetables. In a more restricted sense, any esculent g

The produce of a tree or plant which contains the seed or is used for food. This term, in legal acceptation, is not confined to the produce of tlose trees which in popular language

The produce of any possession detached therefrom, and capable ef being enjoyed by itself. Thus, a next presentation, when a vacancy has oceurred, is a fruit fallen from the advowso

In the law of evidence. Material objects acquired by means ject-matter of the crime. Burrill, Cire. Ev, 445: 4 Benth. Jud. Ev. 31. Frumenta guce sata sunt solo cedere intelliguntur

In the civil law. Grain. That which grows 'nanear, Dig. 50, 16,77.

Sax. In Saxonlaw. A chief seat, or mansion house. Cowell.

Inoldrecords. Uncultivated and desert ground. 2 Mon, Angl. 327; Cowell.

A breaking; plowing. Cowell. Frustra «git qui judicium prosequi nequit eum eifectu. NHesues to no purpose who cannot prosecute his judgment with effect, [who cannot have the fruits

A pieceor pareel of Jand lying by itself. Co. Litt. 5d.

Inoldrecords. A place overgrown with shrubs and bushes. Spelman; Blount.

In Spanish law. Fruits; products; produce; grains; profits. White, New Recop. b. 1, tit. 7, ¢. 5, § 2

In old English law. Tho affording harbor and entertainment to any one.

Sax. In old English law. A plain between woods. Co. Litt. 50. An arm of the sea, or a strait between two lands. Cowell.

FOCAGE. Hearthmoney. A tax laid upon each fire-place or hearth. An imposition of a shilling for every hearth, levied by Edward III. in the dukedoin of Aquitaine. Spelman; 1 Bl. Com

In Spanish law. The body of laws granted to a city or town for its government and the administration of justice.

In old English Jaw. Flight. It is of two kinds: (1) Fuer in fait, or in facto, where a person does apparently and corporally flee; (2) fuer in ley, or in lege, when, being called i

In Spanish law. A law; a code. A general usage or custom of a province, having the force of law. Ir contra fuero, to violate a received custom. A grant of privileges and immunities

In Spanish ee law. The body of laws and customs which formerly governed the Castilians. FUERO DE CORREOS Y CAMI- Se NOS. In Spanish law. A special tribunal taking cognizance of all

In Spanish law. <A special tribunal taking cognizance of all matters in relation to persons serving in the army.

In Spanish ee law. A special tribunal taking cognizance of all matters relating to the navy and to the persons employed therein. ee FUERO JUZGO. Span. The Forum Judicium,; acode of

The title of a compilation of Spanish Jaw, published about A, eS D, 992. Schm. Civil Law, Introd. 65.

In old English law. A drove of cattle. Blount,

Achase. Blount,

Lat. He has made Hight; he fled. A clause inserted in an inquisition, inold English law, meaning that a person indicted for treason or felony had fled. The effect of this is to mak

In old English law. A privilege to hunt. Blount. Adriver, Mugaiores carrucarum, drivers of wagons. Feta, lib. 2, c. 78. law for non-appearance in a criminal case. 2 Alis. Crim. Pr.

A person who, having committed a crime, flies from the state or country where it transpired, in order to evade arrest and escape justice.

In English law. Where a person accused of any offense punishable hy imprisonment, with hard labor for twelve months or more, has left that part of her majesty’s dominions where the

One who, held in bondage, flees from his master’s power.

Inthecivil law. A fugitive; a runaway slave. Dig. 11,4; Cod. 6, 1. See the various definitions of this word in Dig. 21, 1, 17.

Complete; exhaustive; detailed. A “full” answer 1s as extensive a term, in describing one which is ample and sufficient, a3 though the term “complete” had been superadded. 22 Ala,

In common law. The age of twenty-one years, in males and females, Litt. § 259; 1 BI. Comm. 463. In the civiliaw. The age of twenty-five years, in males and females, Inst.1, 23, pr.

A term of relation, denoting descent from the same couple. Brothers and sisters of ful/ blood are those whe are born of the sume father and mother, or, as Justinian calls them, “ex

In practice. A court in banc. A court duly organized with all the judges present.

In pleading. The formula of defense in a plea, stated at length defends the force (or wrong) and injury when and where it shall behoove him, and the damages, and whatsoever else he

Life in fact and in law. See In Furu Lire.

The union of a good title with actual possession.

A fleam, or stream of water. Blount.

In old English law. The same as fuaye, or smoke farthings. 1 Bl. Comm, 824. See Fuaae,

To collect the goods of the deceased. Special letters of administration granted to one or more persons, authorizing them to collect and preserve the goods of the deceased, are so c

n. A sum of money set apart for In its narrower and more usual sense, “fund” signifies “capital,” as opposed to “interest” or *income;” as where we speak of a corporation funding t

~LAW. The law which determines the constitution of government in a state, and prescribes and regulates the manner of its exercise; the organic law of a State; the constitution.

We found, One of the words by which a corporation may be created in Englind. 1 Bl. Comm. 473; 3 Steph. Comm. 173.

A founding or foundation.

A founder, (q. 2.)

The practice of borrowing money to defray the expenses of government, and creating a “sinking fund,” designed to keep down interest, and to effect the gradual reduction of the prin

Lands of inheritance.