A Dictionary of Law

A right of entting fuel in woods; also a tribute or payment due for the same. Jacob,

Timber tit for building. Du Fresne.

In old English law. A copy, exemplification, or transcript of a court roll or deed. Cowell.

A member of the human body. In the phrase “life and limb,” the latter term appears to denote bodily integrity in general; but in the definition of “mayhem” it refers only to those

o To mark out; to define; to fix the extent of. ‘Thus, to limit an estate meuns to mark out or to define the period of its duration, and the words employed in deeds for this purpos

2. <A bound; a restraint; a circumscription; a boundary. 22N. Y. 429.

Restriction or circumspection; settling an estate or property; a certain time allowed by a statute for litigation. In estates. A limitation, whether made by the express words of th

WORDS OF. Those which operate by reference to, or in connec. tion with, other words, and extend or modify an estate given by such other worda, as “heirs,” “heirs of the body.”

A limitation in law, or an estate limited, is an estate to be holden only during the continuance of the condition under which it was granted, upon the determination of which the es

The restriction by statute of the right of action to certain periods of time, after the accruing of the cause of action, beyond which, except in certain specified cases, it will no

In old practice. A certain time prescribed by stat ute, within which a man was required to allege himself or his ancestor to Lave been seised of lands sued for by a writ of aassize

The re striction or circumscription of an estate, in the conveyance by which it is granted, in re spect to the interest of the grantee or its duration; the specific curtailment or

Restricted; bounded; prescribed. Confined within positive bounds; restricted in duration, extent, or scope.

An administration of a temporary character,

Adivorce from bed and board; or a judicial separation of husband and wife not dissolving the marriage tie.

An executor whose appointment is qualified by limitations as to the time or place wherein, or the subject-matter whereon, the oifice is to be exercised; as distinguished from one w

An estate of inheritance in lands, which is clogged or confined with some sort of condition or qualification. Such estates are base or qualified fees, conditional fees, and fees-ta

This term is ambiguous, and the books sometimes use it without due precision. It is sometimes carelessly employed instead of “special.” The true distinction between courts is betwe

A tenant forlife, in tail, or by the curtesy, or other person not having a fee-simple in his absolute dispasition. partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners,

Enamel. Du Cange.

In old English law. A flax plat, where flax is grown. Du Cange.

An inn of court. See Inns oF Cou Rt.

In descents. The order or se ries of persons who have descended one from the other or all from a common ancestor, considered us placed ina line of succession in the order of their

Lat. A line; line of descent. See Ling.

Race; progeny; family, assending or descending.

‘That which comes in a line; especially a direct line, as from father to son. Collateral relationship is not called “lineal,” though the expression “collateral line,” is net unusua

That kind of consanguinity which subsists between persons of whom one is descended in a direct line from the other; as between a particular person and his father, grandfather, grea

Descent in a right line, as where an estate descends from ancestor to heir in one line of succession, as opposed to collateral descent.

A warranty by an ancestor from whom the title did or might have come to the heir. 2 Bl. Comm. 301; Rawle, Cov. 30.

In the civil law. The oblique line. More commonly termed “linea transversalis,” (q. 0.)

The direct line; the vertical line. In computing degrees of kindred and the succession to estates, this term denotes the direct line of ascendants and descendants. Where a person s

A collateral, transverse, or oblique line. Wheretwo persons are descended from a third, they are called “collaterals,” and are said to be re-

In surveying and conveyancing. Boundary lines and their terminating points, where an angle is formed by the next boundary line.

Also a jury composed partly of negroes and partly of while men.

<A unit in a connected series; anything which serves to connect or bind together the things which precede and follow it. Thus, wespeak of a “link in the chain of title.”

Lat. Inthe civillaw. To bo clear, evident, or satisfactory. When a judex waa in doubt how to decide a case, lie represented to the preetor, under oath, sili non liquere, (thatit wa

It is clear or apparent; it appears. Satis liguet, it sufficiently appears. 1 Strange, 412.

To adjust or settle an indebtedness; to determine an amount to be paid; to clear up an account and ascertain the balance; to fix the amount required to satisfy a judgment. To clear

A debt is liquidated when it is certain what is due and low much is due. 20 Ga, 562.

A demand isa liquidated one if the amount of it has been ascertained—settled—by the agreement of the parties to it, or otherwise. 20 Ga. 53.

The partner who upon the dissolution or insolyency of the firm, is appointed to settle tts accounts, collect assets, adjust claims, and pay debts.

A house where spirituous liquors are kept and sold, 6 Baxt. 534,

The name of an Italian coin, of the value of about eighteen cents. LIs. Lat. <A controversy or dispute; a suit or action at law.

A suit pending elsewhere. Tho fact that proceedings are pending between a plainliff and defendant tiff from taking proceedings in another court against the same defendant for the s

A controversy moved or begun. By this term is meant a dispute which has arisen upon 2 point or question which afterwards forms the issue upon which legal proceedings are instituted

<A suit pending; that legal process, in a suit regarding lant, which amounts te legal notice to all the world that there is adisputeas tothe litle, In equity the filing of the bill

A docket or calendar of causes ready for trial or argument, or of motions ready for hearing.

Included in a list; put on a list, particularly on a list of taxable persons or property.

This word is used in some of the states to designate the persons appointed fomak« liats of taxables. See Rev. St. Vt. 538,

Lat. To make asuit hisown. Wherea judea, from partiality or enmity, evidently favored either of the parties, he was said litem suam Jacere, Calvin.

Lat. Pending the quit. Fleta, lib. 2, ¢. 54, § 23.

Letters. <A term applied in ald English iaw to various instruments in writing, publie and private.

Lat. A letter. Tho letter of a law, as distinguished from its spirit. See

Dead letters; fulfilling words of a statute. Lord Bacon observes that “there are in every statute certain words which are as veins, where the life and blood of the statute cometh,

Letters patent; literally, open letters. Liters patentes regis non erunt vaeue. 1 Bulst.6. The king’s letters patent shall not be void.

In old English law. Letters procuratory; letters of procuration; letters of attorney. Bract. fals. 40, 43.

In old English law. Sealed letters. The return of a sheriff was so called. Fleta, lib. 2, c. 64, & 19.

According to language; following expression in words, A literal eunstruction of a document adheres closely to its words, without making differencea for extrinsic circumstances; a l

In Roman law. A species of written contract, in which the formal act by which an obligation waa superinduced on the convention was an entry of the sum due, where it should be speci

The Pisan letter. A term applied to the old character in which the copy of the Pandects formerly kept at Pisa, in Italy, was written. Spelman,

Pertaining to polite learning; connected with thestudy or use of books and writings. The word “literary,” having no legal signification, is to be taken in its ordinary and usual me

In English ecclesiastical law. One who qualifies himself for holy orders by presenting himself as a person accormplished in classical learning, ete., not as a graduate of Oxford, C

“Ad literaturam ponere” means to put children to school. This liberty was anciently denied to those parents who were servile tenants, without the lord’s consent. The prohibition ag

A tera ineluding Greek, Latin, general philology, logic, moral philosophy, metaphysics; the name of the principal course of study in the University of Oxford. Wharton.

In maritimes law. A bill of lading. Jac. Sea Laws, 172. Liters scriptsee manent. Written words last,

In Roman jaw. The contract of 20men, which was constituted by writing, (seripiurd.) It was of two kinds, viz.: (1) A rein personam, when a transaction was transferred from the dayb

SALUTEM, To all te whom the present leiters shall come, greeting, A form of address with which charters and deeds were anciently commenced, Cmnis actio est loquela. Every action is

A party to a lawsuit; one engaged in litigation; usually spoken of act ive parties, not of nominal ones.

Lat. To litigate; to cary on a suit, (litem agere,) either as plaintiff defendant; to claim or dispute by action; to test or try the validity of aclaim by action.

To dispute or contend in form of law; to carry on a suit.

A judicial controversy. A. contest in acourt of justice, for the purpose of enforcing a right.

In Scotch law. The pendency of a suit; it is a tacit legal prohibition of alienation, to the disappointment of an action, or of diligence, the direct object of which is fo obtain p

That which is the subject of a suit or action; that which is contested in a court of justice. In another sense, “litigious” signifies fond of litigation; prone to engage in suits.

In ecclesiastical law, achurch is said to be litigious where two presentations are offered to the bishop upon the same avoidance. Jenk, Cent. 11.

In the civil law. A right which cannot be exercised without undergoing a lawsuit. Civil Code La. arts. 918, 3556.

In the civil and canon law. Contestation of suit; the process of contesting a suit by the opposing statements of the respective parties; the process of coming to an issue; theattai

An obsolete term for the time during which a lawsuit is going on.

In Spanish law. Litispendency. The condition of a suit pending in a court of justice.

The measure of damages.

Fr. A measure of capacity in the metric system, being a cubic decimetre, equal to 61.022 cubic inches, or 2.113 American pints, or 1.76 English pints. Webster.

Belonging to the shore; as of seas and great lakes. Webster. Corresponding to riparian proprietors on a stream or sinall pond are littoral proprietors on a sea or lake. But “ripari

Thesea-shore. “It is certain that that which the sea overflows, either at high spring tides or at extraordinary tides, comes not, as to this purpose, under the denomination of ‘@it

Maintenance; support.

In Englishlaw. This was the third officer of the Duchy court. Bac. Abr. “Attorney.”

1. In English law. Delivery of possession of their lands to the king's tenants in capite or tenants by knight's service. 2. A writ which may be sued out by a ward in chivalry, on r

In feudal law. The delivery of the lands of a ward in chivalry out of the guardian’s hands, upoa the heir’s attaining the requisite age, _twenty-one for males, sixteen for females.

A member of some company in the city of London; also called a “freeman.”

An office appointed for the delivery of lands.

The appropriate ceremony, at common law, for transferring the corporal possession of lands or tenements by a grantor to his grantee. It was livery @ deed where the purties went tog

One whose business it is to keep horses for hire or to let, or to keep. feed, or board horses for others.

In Saxon law. Bewitchig any person; also a barbarous sacrifice,

In common law. A coin used in France before the Revolution. It is to be computed in the ad valorem duty

An association in the city of London, the members of which uniterwrite each other's policies.

The name of aclass of evidences of debt, usedin England; being acknowledgments, by a borrowing company made under its seal, of « debt incurred and actually due by the company to a

The pay to loadsmen; that is, persons who sail or row before ships, in barks or small vessels, with instruments for towing the ship and directing her course, in order that she may

A bailment without reward; consisting of the delivery of an article by the owner to another person, to be used by the latter gratuitously, and returned either in specie or in kiud.

GRATUITOUS, (or COMMO-

Certificates issued by a clearing-house to the associated banks to the amount of seventy-five per cent. of the value of the collaterals deposited by the borrowing banks with the lo

The loan for consumption is an agreement by which one person delivers to another a certain quantity of things which are consumed by the use, under the obligation, by the borrower,

A loan for exchange is a contract by which one delivers personal property te another, and the latter agrees to return to the lender a similar thing at a future time, without reward