A New Law Dictionary and Glossary

Lat. In the canon law. One whose office it was to give or convey answers; otherwise termed responsalis, and apocrisiarius. One who, being consulted on ecclesiastical matters, gave

Areiter. L. Fr. To stop or stay; to arrest. L. Fr. Diet.

Lat. Behmd, in arrear. Quod ei wretro/uit; which was in arrear to him. 2 Inst. 583. In aretro; in arrear. 2 Salk. 583.

An abbreviation of arguendo, (q. V.) much used in the reports.

Lat. [from argenturn, silver, or money.] A banker; a silversmith. Toume. PL 259, 260. Argentarius miles; a kind of money porter or g^uard in the English Exchequer. Spelman, ^roc. A

Lat. [from argento fn, silver, or money.] A baker's trade. Towm. Fl. 260.

Lat. An old French coin. Speiman.

Lat. A silver mine. Bract, fol. 222 b.

Lat. Silver. See infra. Silver plate. 1 Ld. Baym. 20. Silver bullion, or uncoined silver; money paid by weight. Domesday. Spelman. Money generally; money paid by tale, or counted;

Lat. Plain or blank silver, not marked or stamped, (non signatum;) uncoined silver; bullion; silver coin worn smooth by use; common silver coin, as distinguished from the metal of

Lat. God's money. Earnest money; money given by way of earnest upon the making of a bargain; sometimes called God's penny, {denarius Dei.) Cowell. See Denarius Dei.

(abbrev. ARG.) Lat. In arguing; in the course of argument. A term often used in the books.

In pleading. Indirect. Steph. Fl. 179. Pleadings must not be argumentative. Id. ch. 2, sect. 5, rule 3. In other words, they must advance their positions of fact in an absolute for

Lat. Argument or reasoning; inference or deduction. Argumentum ab authoritate est fortissimum in lege. An argument from authority is the strongest in the law. Co. Litt. 254 a. "The

See Herehannum.

Lat. [from Sax. here, lord, and man, vassal.] In mediaeval law. A class of freemen employed in agriculture, otherwise called conditionales, originarii, tributales, &c. They seem to

Aripennum. See Arpennis. ARLE8. In Scotch law.. Earnest; money, or other thing given by a bujrer to a seller, as a symbol of the bargain. 1 Forbes* Inst, part 2, b. 3, c. 1, tit. 7

Lat. Arms; weapons offensive and defensive; anything that a man strikes or hurts with. Co. Litt. 161 b, 162 a. In the civil law, this word included not only shields, swords and hel

Lat. The tacklings of a ship. Towns. PI. 227.

Lat. Armed force. See Vis armata.

Lat. Armour; the use of weapons. Towns. PL 217, 228.

An abbreviation of armiger, (q.v.) ARMI6ER. Lat. [from arma, arms, and gerere, to bear.] One who bears arms; an armour bearer, or shield bearer, (Lomb. scilpor; Sax. scildcnave.) S

Lat. A showing of armour; military tnunmg. Towns. PL 215.

See Harmiscara.

[L. Lat. brachium maris; L. Fr. brace de la mer.^ A portion of the sea where the tide flows and re-flows.* 6 Co. 107. 7 Peters* R. 331, arg. 1 Kent's Com, 26 — 30. An arm of the se

[Lat. arma.] Weapons offensive and defensive; anything that a man strikes or hurts with. Co. Litt. 161 b, 162 a. See Arma, Force and arms.

Lat. [L. Fr. arme.] A weapon. Armum molutum; a sharp weapon. Bract. fol. 138, 145.

A misprint for a Trvalia or aralia; copied in many of the books. See Aralia.

Arpent, Fr. [L. Lat. arpennis, arpennuH; by some derived from arare, to plough.] A measure of land of uncertain quantity, mentioned in Domesday and other old books; by some called

Arpennus, Arpendus^ Arpentum. L. Lat. An arpent; a measiu-e of land frequently mentioned m Domesday Book. Spelman. Various other forms of the word occur m old laws and writers; as

Lat. [from arpm, or arpent, q. v.] A measurer or surveyor of land. Spelman, voc. Arpennis. Cowell. Blount,

See Arr Jva,

Fr. Mad or insane. Home arrage; a madman or lunatic. Britt. c. 126.

Lat. To array; to set in order. Arraiatus; arrayed. Towns. PI, 215, Arraiatio peditum; an amying of foot soldiers. Pat, 1 £dw. II., cited in Cowell. See Array,

[L. Fr. arener, arrainer, arraisoner, aresner, from a resn, or reson, Lat. ad rationem ponere, to put or call to an account, (but see infra); L. Lat. arrainare, arraniare, arramare

Lat. [from arraiare, q. v.] An arraying or array. Co. Litt. 166 a. See Array.

Norm. In old French law. A stower or stevidore; an officer anciently employed to load vessels. The business of the arrameurs was to dispose right, and stow closely all goods in cas

[L. Lat. arraia, arraiamenturn.] In practice. A ranking, or setting • forth in order; the order in which jurors names are ranked in the panel containing them. Co. Litt. 156 a. 3 Bl

Arrearages, Arrerages. [L. Lat. arreragia, from Fr. arriere, arere, behind.] Money remaining unpaid after it has become due; as rent behind; interest due and unpaid; the unpaid bal

Arect, Arret, Aret. [from L. Lat. arrectare, or arretare, q. v.] In old English law. To accuse or charge before a court. Arrected, arretted; accused or charged. Cowell. See Arrecta

Arrette, Arete. L. Fr. Accused, or charged with a crime. Kelham.

Arretare. L. Lat. [from ad, to, and rectare, to charge; or rectum, Norm, rette, an accusation.] In old criminal law. To accuse or charge; to accuse before a court; to summon to cou

Lat. To arraign. Arrenatus; arraigned, accused. Cowell. See Arraign. 'APPENOrONIA, 'A^Qevofdpia. Gr. [from ^iqn^, male, and y^vog, generation.] In the civil law. TTie male line. No

Lat. [from L. Fr. arenter, from a, at, and rente, a payment or rent.] In old English law. To rate or assess. Stat. Mar&r. c. 11. To let at a certain sum, or rent; to rent. See Arre

Lat. A renting or rent. Per certam arrentationem; by, for. or at a certain rent. Reg. Orig. 252, 258. In the forest law. Ai arrentation; the licensing an owner of lands in a forest

See Arer.

Arrieragium. L. Lat. An arrearage; the balance due on an account; a residue or remainder, (residuum, reliquum.) Spelman. See Arrears.

See Arere, Arriere.

Arerisment. L. Fr. Sfrom arrere, back, behind.] A hindrance; lelay; putting back. L. Fr. Diet. Kelham. * To ARREST. [L. Lat. arrestare, arestare, from Fr. arrester, arester, to sto

[L. Lat. arrestum, arestum, arrestatio.] In practice. The act of stopping or staying, (sistendi actus,) a person or proceeding by authority of law. The restramt of a person's liber

Lat. To arrest; to take or seize a person. Arrestentur corpora eorum; their bodies shall be arrested. Stat. Westm. 2, c. 11. Quod ipsum Willielmum ubicunque inventus fuerit, arrest

Lat. [from arrestare, q. v.] An arrestment or arrest. Towns. PI. 53.

In Scotch law. The person in whose hands the moveables of another, or a debt due to another, are arrested by the creditor of the latter by the process of arrestment. 2 Kames' Equit

In Scotch law. "Hie person or creditor in whose behalf process of arrestment is issued. 1 Forbes' Inst part 3, b. 1, ch. 2, tit. 3. 2 Karnes' Equity, 177. See Arrestment.

In Scotch law. The seizure and securing of a criminal's person, till he undergo trial, or give bail. Ersh, Imt. b. 3, tit. 6, sect. 2. A process for securing moveable effects in th

In practice. The act of staying a judgment, or refusing to render judgment m an action at law, after verdict, for some matter intrinsic appearing on the face of the record, which w

Lat. Arrest. Spelman. Sub arresto deiinuit; be detained under arrest. Reg. Orig, 94.

Fr. In French law. The judgment, decision or decree of a court. So called according to Spelman, because it puts the matter at rest after the agitation of debate or argument. Spelma

Arrettare, Arrectare. L. Lat. To accuse or charge; to summon for the purpose of accusing; to summon to answer a charge.* Arrettati; accused or charged. Reg, Jud. 30. Arrette is use

Arra. Lat. In the civil law. Earnest; evidence of a completed bargain; of the contract of purchase and sale, !)roof argumentum emptionis et venditionis contract9.) Inst. 3. 24. pr.

In English and Scotch law. Indefinite services formerly demandable from tenants, but prohibited by statute 20 Geo. 11. c. 60, s. 21, 22. Holthouse. Ersk. Inst. b. 2, tit. 6, §42.

Arrierehan. Fr. [L. Lat. arrieribannum, arribannum; from arriere, behind, and ban, a proclamation.] In feudal and European law. The proclamation by which the arriere vassals, or in

or FEE. In feudal law. A fief or fee dependent on a superior one; an inferior fief granted by a vassal of the king, out of the fief held by him. Esprit des Lois, liv. 31. cc. 26, 3

In feudal law. The vassal of a vassal; one who held of a vassal of the crown. Esprit des Lois, liv. 31, cc. 26, 32.

To come to, or reach one place from another; to come to, or reach a place by travelling or moving towards it. Marshall, C. J. 1 Brock. R. 411.

Adrogatio. Lat. [from arrogare, to take upon one's self.] In the civil law. The adoption of a person sui juris, which was done by imperial rescript. Inst. 1. 11. 1. Id.Z. 11.2. ^Q

Lat. [from arrogare.^ In the civil law. One who adopted by arrogation, that is, by imperial rescript. Inst. 3.11.1,2, 3.

[from L. Fr. arsion, arsoun, arson, L. Lat. arsio, from ardere, to bum: Sax. bemet: L. Lat. incendium or combustio do Tnorum.] In crimmal law. The malicious and wilful buming the h

Lat. [from ardere, to burn.] In old English law. Burning, or melting; the trial or assay of money by fire after it was coined, in order to test its purity. A term frequently used i

In Scotch crimmal law. A technical term used to denote an accessory before and after the fact, and also an aider and abettor m the commission of a crime; generally considered equiv

\i^TOi^Qr\j Arddelw or Arddel] Brit, or Welsh. In Welsh and old English law. To avouch, {astipulari, asserere.) Davies' Diet, cited in CowelL Used also as a substantive. Thus, by t

[Lat. afticulus.] A distinct part of a writing or instrument, consisting of two or more particulars. Hence systems of rules and instruments, composed of various particulars, or arr

\L.l Ai.articuli.] A term applied to various writings drawn up in an articulate form; that is, under distinct heads or divisions; as A system of rules established by legal authorit

In English law. Articles agreed to, A. D. 1707, by the parliaments of England and Scotland, for the union of the two Kingdoms. 1 Bl. Com. 96. They were twenty-five in number. Id. i

Lat. Articles of the clergy. The title of a statute passed in the ninth year of Edward II. for the purpose of adjusting and setthng the great questions of cognizance then existing

Lat. Ar tides concerning money, or the currency. The title of a statute passed in the twentieth year of Edward I. 2 Reeves* Hist. Eng. Law, 228. Crah Vs Hist. E. Law, 167, (Am. ed.

Lat. Articles upon the charters. The title of a statute passed in the twenty -eighth year of Edward L, st. -3, confirming or enlargmg many particulars in Magna Charta, and the Char

Lat. An article or point. Reg, Grig. 200. /;* articulo mortis; at the point of death. A point or moment of time. In ipso articulo temporis; at the same moment or instant of time. 3

Persons created and devised by human laws for the purposes of society and government, as distinguished from natural persons. 1 Bl. Com. 123. Corporations are examples of artificial

Lat. [from arundo, a reed.] A place where reeds grow. Co. Litt. 4 b. Shep. Touch. 95.

Ajrrura, L. Lat. [from arare, to plough.] A "ploughing. Una arrura; one day's work at the plough. Cowell. Bract, fol. 36 b. 230. AS. Lat. In the Roman and civil law. A pound weight

Fr. To wit; to say. Cest asaver; that is to say. Britt, c. 126. ASCAVOm. L. Fr. To be understood, to wit. Est ascavoir, (q. v.); it is to be understood. Liti, sect. 9, 45. Sometime

[Lat. ascendens.] In the law of descents. A person related to another in the amendmg Kne of kindred, as a father, grandfather, &c,: a person so related, to whom an estate ascends (

Lat. [from ascribere, to enroll.] Enrolled, registered. See Adscriptus.

Lat. A secretary; one having charge of private matters, or secrets of state. A name anciently given to a chancellor. Hincmar, Epist. 3, c. 16; Spelman, Voc. Cancellarius.

Ift practice and pleading. A term applied to proceedings, and to rights or estates, expressive of sameness of 'legal character, effect or operation; given in the way of relation, (

A contingent remainder^ (q. v.) limited in substitution for another contingent remainder in fee simple. As if land be given to A. for life, and, if be have a son, then to that son

Lat. To carry away. Asportavit; he carried away. Applied m the old writs of trespass, to the taking of inanimate things, as distinguished from ahducers, (q. v.) i^. J\r. ^. 86 A. n

[L. Lat. asportatio, from asportare, to carry away.] The carlying away of goods; one of the circumstances requisite to constitute the offence of larceny. 4 Bl. Com. 231. A bare rem

Assaya. L. Lat. An assay or ezaminatioB. Asska et assaia panis; the assise and assay of bread. CowelU Blount. Assaia mensurarum et ponderum; the assay of measures and weights. Eey.

Assayer. L. Fr. To try or essay; to endeavor or attempt. Assaiant; essaying. Assay, assays; endeavore( £n assaie; on trial. Kelham.

Lat. To assault. Spelnian. See Adsallire.

Lat. An assault. LL. Edw. Conf. c. 12. Spelman. Assultus is the Latin of the feudists. Zasius de Feudis, no. 38. Cowell. Insultus is the more common term.

£smt. [L. Jjat assartum, usartum, exartumJ\ In Enj^h forest law^ An offence committed m the forest, by pulling up by the roots the woods that are thickets and coverts for the deer,

Assertare, Exartare. L. Lat. To assart, or remove by the roots; to clear land. See To assart. Assertare et in culturam redigere; to assart and reduce to cultivation. Beg. Orig. 257

Essartum, Exartum. L. Lat. Assart; land cleared of its wood and converted to tillage. Assartum est quod redactum est ad culturam. Fleta, lib. 4, c. 21. Boscus efficitur assartum; a

Assaitht Assaeh. A custom of purgation formerly used in Wales, by which a party accused cleared, or purged himself by the oaths of three hundred men. It prevailed to the reign of H

[L. Lat. assaia, assaya; from Fr. assays, assaie, essay, a proof or trial.] In old English law. An examination, proof or trial. A tiial of weights and measures by a standard; as by

Lat. An assayer. ^««ayatorr»^i«; the king's assayer. Cowell.

Lat. To associate; to take or select as fellow-judges, or consessors. Cowell.