The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary

An agency is dissolved or determined in several ways: I. By the act of the principal, either (a) Express, as (1) By direct and formal writing, publicly advertised; (2) By informal

The vacation or recall of an order admitting a will to probate.

The endeavor of the crew of a vessel to overthrow the lawful authority of her commander, with intent to remove him from his command, or against his will to take possession of the v

An offer of recompense by the government, or by a private person, to whoever will perform some special act. A reward is an offer, revocable at any time before performance. When acc

The king is both a legal and political person. Lane, 27.

The king la the living law. Jenk. Cent. Cas. 17. REX EST MAJOR SINGULIS; MINOR unlversis. The king is greater than any single person; less than all. Bracton, lib. 1, c. 8. REX HOC

The king can do no wrong. 2 Rolle, 304; Jenk. Cent. Cas. 9, 308; Broom, Leg. Max. (3d London Ed.) 51; 1 Bl. Comm. 246.

The king never dies. Broom, Leg. Max. (3d London Ed.) 49; Branch, Max. (6th Ed.) 197; 1 Bl. Comm. 249.

In gavelkind law. A gavel was divided into four rhandirs, each consisting of four tenements.

A code of maritime laws adopted by the people of Rhodes, who had by their commerce and naval victories obtained the sovereignty of the sea, about nine hundred years before the Chri

A Spanish coin computed in custom-house calculations at ten cents. 1 Story, U. S. Laws, 626.

A Spanish coin computed in custom-house calculations at five cents. 1 Story, U. S. Laws, 626. RIBALDUS (Law Lat.; from Fr. rihauld, ribaud). In old European law. A worthless person

A rogue; a vagrant. It is not used.

otherwise TROUBLEsome. The casual ejector and ficitious defendant in ejectment, whose services are no longer invoked. RICOHOME (Spanish). In Spanish law. A nobleman; a count or bar

A schedule or small piece of paper or parchment added to some part of the record; as, when on the reading of a bill in the legislature a new clause is added, this is tacked to the

In English law. An ascertained district; part of a county. This term has the same meaning in Yorkshire that division has in Lincolnshire. 4 Term R. 459.

A French word which signifies "nothing." It has generally this meaning; as, rien en wnrere; rien passe per le fait, nothing passes by the deed; rien per descent, nothing by descent

RIEN, or RYEN (Law Fr.) Nothing. Litt. § 53. RIENS LOUR DEUST (Law Fr. not their debt). The old form of the plea of nil debet. 2 Reeve, Hist. Eng. Law, 332. RIENS PER DESCENT (Law

RUFFLURA, or RUFLURA (Law Lat.; from old Eng. rufflyn, to disorder). In old English criminal law. A slight removal of the skin; a scratch (searificatio, decortatio). Bracton, fols.

In old European law. A species of service and tribute rendered to their lords by agricultural tenants. Supposed by Spelman to be derived from 'the name of a certain portion of land

In the most abstract sense, justice, equity. The word also denoted, among other things, property, interest, power, prerogative, immunity, and privilege, and in law is most frequent

WRIT OF. A procedure for the recovery of real property after not more than sixty years' adverse possession; the highest writ in the law, sometimes called, to distinguish it from ot

WRIT OF. An abolished writ which lay for tenants in ancient demesne, and others of a similar nature, to try the right of their lands and tenements in the court of the lord exclusiv

A chose m ao Uon (q. V.)

See "Rectus In Curia."

The right of a riparian owner to pass to and from the waters of the lake within the width of his premises as they border on the lake. 202 111. 431.

The right to bring suit; a legal right to maintain an action, growing out of a given transaction or state of facts, and based thereon. See "Action." By the old writers "right of ac

In Scotch law. The right which the cautioner (surety) has to insist that the creditor shall do his best to compel the performance of the contract by the principal debtor before he

In Scotch law. The right which each of several cautioners (sureties) has to refuse to answer for more than his own share of the debt. To entitle the cautioner to this right, the ot

A right of entry Is the right of taking or resuming possession of land by entering on it in a peaceable manner.

In Louisiana. The right of dwelling gratuitously in a house the property of another. Civ. Code La. art. 623; 3 Toullier, Dr. Civ. c. 2, p. 325; 14 Toullier, Dr. Civ. note 279, p. 3

The right to possession which may reside in one man, while another has the actual possession, being the right to enter and turn out such actual occupant; e. g., the right of a diss

The right to purchase the land at the government price, in preference to any other person, and before it is offered at public sale. 54 111. 55.

The abstract right {merum jus) which remains after the actual possession has been so long gone that the right of possession is also lost, and the law will only allow recovery of th

In Scotch law. The right which the cautioner (surety) has against the principal debtor when he has been forced to pay his debt. 1 Bell, Comm. (5th Ed.) 347.

See "Search, Right of;" 1 Kent, Comm. (9th Ed.) 153, note; 1 Phillim. Int. Law, 325.

The term imports an easement of way, and not a public highway. 2 Barb. (N. Y.) 432. An easement of perpetual use, a charge or burden upon the land of one for the benefit of another

The name of an ancient writ, which, Fitzherbert says, "ought to be brought of lands and tenements, and not of an advowson, or of common, and lieth only of an estate of fee simple,

A class of rights which one may have in another's land without their being exercised in connection with the occupancy of other lands, in which cases RIGOR JURIS (Law Lat.) Strictne

In practice. The party who asserts the affirmative of an issue has the right to begin.and reply, as on him is the burden of proof. The substantial affirmative, not the verbal, give

In criminal law. A phrase applied in England to a trick frequently practiced in committing larcenies. It is difficult to define it. It will be sufficiently exemplified by the follo

A usage prevailing on the Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, by which merchants having contracts with the same brokers both for grain sold and grain bought, purchased and sold for t

In criminal law. A trick practiced by a criminal, by which, on receiving a good piece of money in payment of an article, he pretends it is not good, and, changing it, returns to th

Is nothing more or less than the setting off of one trade against anotheiv- a thing which occurs in great cities in mercantile transactions. Payments being made through checks upon

In criminal law. A tumultuous disturbance of the peace by three persons or more, assembling together of their own authority with an intent mutually to assist each other against any

St. 1 Geo. I. st. 2, c. 5, providing that, if any twelve persons or more are committing a riot, any sheriff, mayor, or certain other officers shall by proclamation in the king's na

In English criminal law. The unlawful assembling of twelve persons or more, to the disturbance of the

In criminal pleading. A technical word properly used in an indictment for a riot, and ex vi termini implying violence. 2 Chit. Crim. Law, 488, 490, note (f ); 2 Sess. Cas. 13, cite

The word "riparian" has reference to the bank, and not to the bed of the stream. Those who own the land bounding on the watercourse are called riparian proprietors or riparian owne

The rights of the owners of lands on the banks of rivers and streams, 3 Kent, Comm. 427-432. See "Ri- / parian Proprietor." RIPARUM USUS PUBLICUS EST JURE gentium, sicut Ipslus flu

A code of laws of the Franks, who occupied the country upon the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, who were collectively known by the name "Ripuarians," and their laws as "Ripuaria

In insurance law. The event insured against. Not the "danger," but the circumstances which give rise to it. 1 Hurlst. & N. 334. RISTOURNE (Fr.) In insurance law. The dissolution of

A natural stream of water flowing betwixt banks or walls in a bed of considerable depth and width, being so called whether its current sets always one way, or flows and reflows wit

In old English law. The use of a river for the purposes of fishing, etc. Hale de Jur. Mar. par. 1, c. 2. RIVUS (Lat.) In the Civil Law. A trench for water to pass. Defined by Ulpia

(Lat.) In civil law. A dispute; a quarrel. Dig. 48. 8. 17. RIXATRIX (Lat.) A common scold.

The name of a coin. The rix dollar of Bremen is deemed, as money of account at the custom house, to be of the value of seventy-eight and three-quarters cents. Act March 3, 1843. Th

A contraction of regina, (queen). 1 Inst. CI. 12.

In maritime law. A known general station for ships {statio tutissima nautis), notoriously used as such, and distinguished by the name, and not any spot where an anchor will find bo

One who commits a robbery; one who feloniously and forcibly takes goods or money to any value from the person of another by violence or putting him in fear.

The felonious taking and carrying away of the personal property of another from his person or in his presence by violence or by putting him in fear. 2 Clark & Marshall, Crimes, 852

or ROBOUR (Law Fr. from rdbber, to Toh). A robber. De robbourset de larmins, of robbers and of thieves. Britt. c. 15; Y. B. M. 3 Edw. II. 55.

or ROBERSMEN. In old English law. Persons who, in the reign of Richard I., committed great outrages on the borders of England and Scotland. Said to have been the followers of Rober

A measure sixteen and a halt feet long; a perch. ROGARE (Lat.) In Roman law. To ask or solicit. Rogare legem, to ask for the adoption of a law; to propose it for adoption. Derivati

QUESTIONES, ET POSItiones debent esse simplices. Demands, questions, and claims ought to be simple. Hob. 143. ROGATOR(Lat. from rogare, q. v.). In the Roman law. The proposer of a

This in making a nuncupative will, is where the testator formally calls upon the persons present to bear witness that he has declared his will. Williams, Ex'rs, 116; Browne, Prob.

LETTERS. See "Letters Rogatory." ROGO (Lat.) In the Roman law. I ask. A common word in wills. Dig. 30. 108. 13. 14; Id. 31., 77. 25.

A French word, which in that language signifies proud, arrogant. In some of the ancient English statutes, it means an idle, sturdy beggar, which is its meaning in law. Rogues are u

The list of a ship's crew; the muster roll.

A schedule of parchment which may be turned up with the hand in the form of a pipe or tube. Jacob. In early times, before paper came in common use, parchment was the substance empl

An office in Chancery Lane, London, which contains rolls and records of the high court of chancery, of which the master of the rolls is keeper. It was formerly called domus convers

A series of rolls commencing in the reign of Edward I., and forming, according to Mr. Hubback, by far the most important branch of the public records of the kingdom, from their ant

In English law. In each of the two temples is a roll called the "calf's head roll," wherein every bencher, barrister, and student is taxed yearly; also meals to the cook and other

In a general sense, this comprehends all the laws which prevailed among the Romans, without regard to the time of their origin, including the collections of Justinian (now generall

A tract of land in the county of Kent, England, containing twenty-four thousand acres, governed by certain ancient and equitable laws of sewers, composed by Henry de Bathe, a vener

The fourth part of an acre.

In a figurative sense, the term "root" is used to signify the person from whom one or more others are descended.

The same as "stock of descent."

The document with which an abstract of title properly commences is called the "root" of the title.

A list of persons who are in their turn to perform certain duties required of them by law. Tytler, Mil. Law, 93. ROTA (Lat.) A court; a celebrated court of appeals at Rome, of whic

In old English law. Horned cattle. Cowell.

Small boroughs in England, which, prior to the reform act, 1832, returned one or more members to parliament.

The roll of Winton. An exact survey of all England, made by Alfred, not unlike that of Domesday; and it was so called because it was kept at Winchester, among other records of the

In old French law. One not noble. Diet, de I'Acad. Franc. A free commoner; one who did not hold his land by homage and fealty, yet owned certain services. Howard, Diet, de Normande

The name of a coin. The rouble of Russia, as money of account, was formerly deemed and taken at the custom house to be of the value of seventy-five cents. Act March 3, 1843.

A circle divided from the center, like Arthur's round table, whence its supposed origin. In each compartment is a signature, so that the entire circle, when filled, exhibits a list

In Scotch law. Sale by auction; auction. Index to Burton, Law Scot,; Bell, Diet. "Auction."

In criminal law. A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with an intention to do a thing which, if executed, would have made them rioters, and actually making a mo

In pleading. A technical word, properly used in indictments for a rout as descriptive of the offense. 2 Salk. 693. ROY EST L'ORIGINAL DE TOUTS FRANchises. The king Is the origin of

The royal assent is the last form through- which a bill goes previously to becoming an act of parliament. It is, in the words of Lord Hale, "the complement and perfection of a law.

Whales and sturgeons, — to which some add porpoises,— which, when cast on shore or caught near shore, belong to the king of England by his prerogative. 1 Edw. L; 17 Edw. V. c. 1; 1

In diplomatic language, by this term is understood the rights enjoyed by every empire or kingdom in Europe, by the pope, the grand duchies of Germany, and the Germanic and Swiss co

Mines of silver and gold belong to the king of England, as part of his prerogative of coinage, to furnish him with material. 1 Bl. Comm. 294*.

An arbitrary power vested in the executive which is discretionary and uncontrolled. 161 Mich. 691.

A payment reserved by the grantor of a patent, lease of a mine or similar right, and payable proportionately to the use made of the right by the grantee. 1 Exch. Div. 310. A paymen

si il ne soit expressement nosme. The king is not bound by any statute, if he is not expressly named. Jenk. Cent. Cas. 307; Broom, Leg. Max. (3d London Ed.) 69. ROY POET DISPENSER

Its title, which was anciently printed in red letters. It serves to show the object of the legislature, and thence affords the means of interpreting the body of the act; hence the

One absolutely requiring an act to be done, as distinguished from a rule nisi (q. v.)

See "Shelley's Case, Rule In."

See "Wild's Case, Rule In."

In practice. A rule obtained served on the party against whom the rule is obtained, and the case is then heard like other motions, except that the party showing cause is entitled t