A New Law Dictionary and Glossary

Sax. In old English law. A plain between woods. Co, Litt 5 b. Domesday, An arm of the sea, or a strait between two lands, (from Lat. /return, a strait.) Cowell. Camd, Brit, cited i

[from Fr. fouage; L. Lat. focagium, from focus, a hearth.] In old English law. A tax laid upon the fireplace, hearth or chimney. Mentioned in Domesday as paid by custom to the king

J-at. la old English law. A drove of cattle. Blount,

Lat. [from fugare, q. v.] In old English law. A chase. The same as chaeea, (q. v.) Spelman, Blount

Fugatio. L. Lat. [from fugare, q. v.] In old English law. The hunting of wild animals in forests, chases and parks. The liberty of hunting. Et cives habeant fugaciones suas adfugan

Lat. [from /w^a, flight.] In old English law. To chase or hunt; to drive; {feras cursu premere et venari.) Spelman, voc. Fugacia^ Fugare et refU" garecatalla; to drire cattle to an

[from Lat. fugitivus.] One who, after committing an offence, flees from justice, that is, takes to flight in order to escape punishment. Constit. U. States, Art. IV. Sect. II. 1 Ke

Lat. [L. Fr. fuitif; Sax. flyman.] In old English law. A fugitive. Fugitivi; (Sax. flyman,) fugitives. One who fled after committing a felony. See Bona fugitivorum. A villein or bo

Lomb. Legitimate; one born without defect; fullbom. Si quis dereliquerit filium legitimum unum, quod est fulboran, et f Mos naturales unum aut plures. LL. Longoh. lib. 2, tit. 14,

Fulfreal. Lomb. Absolutely or entirely free; full free. Vadant liberi absoluti et fulfreales; they shall go absolutely free, and fulfreal. LL. Longob. lib. 1, tit. 32, l. 5. Spelma

[L. Fr. pleine age; L. Lat. plena atas.] In common law. The age of twenty-one years, in males and females. Liit. sect. 259. 1 Bl. Com, 463. Sometimes simply called age. See Age. In

(or WHOLE BLOOD.) A term of relation, denoting descent from the same couple. Brothers and sisters of fall blood are those who are bom of the same father and mother, or, as Justinia

In practice. A term applied to a court sitting in banc, and implying, strictly, the presence of all the judges.* 3 Chiit. Gen. Fr. 2. The term full bench is frequently used.

In pleading. The formula of defence in a plea, stated at length and without abbreviation, thus: " And the said C. D., by E. F. his attorney, comes and defends the force (or wrong)

life in fact and m law. See In full life,

[Lat. plena probatio.] In the civil law. Proof by two witnesses, or a public instrument. Hallifax Anal, b. d> ch. 9, num. 25, 30. 3 Bl, Com. 370.

Lat. In old English law. Fullum aqu€B; a stream of water; a fleam, such as comes from a mill. Blount

[L. Lat. fumagium, from fumus, smoke.] In old English law. The same as fuage, or smoke farthings. 1 Bl. Com. 324. See Fuage.

Lat. To collect the goods of the deceased. Special letters of Administration granted to one or more persons, authorising them to collect and preserve the goods of the deceased, are

Lat. [from fungor, to discharge an office.] One who has performed or discharged some function. Functus officio; one who has performed some office assigned to him. Platt, J., 15 Joh

Lat. [from fundare, to found.] We found. One of the words by which a corporation may be created in England. 1 Bl. Com. 473. 3 Steph. Com. 173.

Lat. In old pleading. To found, or establish. A term formerly used to denote the supporting a plaintifif's or demandant's count or declaration, (mtentio or querela,) by showing the

Lat. [from fundare, to found.] A founding, or foundation. Fundatio incipiens; incipient foundation; the incorporation of a college or hospital. Fundatio perficiens; the perfecting

Lat. [homfundare, to found.] A founder. Fundator incipiens; the incipient founder of a corporation; the king or state by whom it is incorporated. Fundator perficiens; the perficien

Lat. A farm. Co. Lin. 5 a. Calu. Lex. Land or ground generally. Si arbor mea in vicini fundo radices egerit; if my tree throws out roots into my neighbor's land. Bract, fol. 10. Qu

[Lat. res fungibiles.] In the civil law. Things which may be furnished or restored in kind {qitct functionem recipiunt in genere;) as diblinguished from specific things. A barbarou

Lat. [from fugare, to drive.] In old English law. A driver. Fugatores carrucarum; drivers of wagons. Fleta, lib. 2, c. 78.

Lat. A thief. Inst. 4. 1. 3. Bract, fol. 105.

Lat \L.Fr. furche.] A fork. See Furcare. A gallows or gibbet. Bract, fol. 56. See infra.

Lat. In old English law. Gallows and whip. Tenure ad furcam et flagellum; tenure by gallows and whip. The meanest of servile tenures, where the bondman was at the disposal of his l

Lat. In old English law. Gallows and pit, or pit and gallows. A term used in ancient charters to signify a jurisdiction of punishing thieves; viz. men by hanging, women by drowning

Lat. [from furca, a fork; L. Fr. fourcher, furcher.] In old practice. To fork or divide. To divide in casting essoins. Hengham Magna, c. 9. Cowell. To move or pitch with a fork. Fu

Fr. A gallows. Britt. C.20.

Lat. [from fur, a thief, and geldum, a payment.] A fine or mulct paid for theft.

Lat. [from furere, to rage.] A madman or lunatic; one violently insane. Furiosus nullum negotium gerere potest, quia non intelligit quod agit. A madman can transact no business, be

Lat. In the civil law. A manifest thief. A thief who is taken in the very act of stealing, (qui in ipso furto, Gr. ep autophoro, deprehenditur;) or in the place where he committed

Lat. [from furnus, an oven; L. Fr. fournage.] In old English law. A tribute or tax paid to a lord by his tenants, for the use of his oven. Blount. Spelman.

Lat. An oven. See Secta adfumum.

Sax. Time to advise or take counsel. LL. Hen. I. c. 46. Whishaw. Spelman gives this phrase without explanation.

Covenant for. One of the usual covenants entered into by a vendor, for the protection of the vendee's interest in the subject of the purchase. It seems to be confined to an assuran

Lat. Theft. Furtum est contrectatiofraudulosa, lucrifaciendi gratid, vel ipsius rei, vel etiam usus ejus, possessionisve. Theft is the fraudulent handling or meddling with a thing,

Lat. In the civil law. Received theft; the oflfence of receiving stolen goods. Conceptum furtum dicitur cum apud aliquem, testibus prc Bsentibus, furiiva res qucesita et inventa si

Lat. In civil and old English law. Manifest theft, (Sax. opentheft.) Furtum manifestum est ubi latro deprehensus est, set/situs de aliquo latrocinio, scilicet hondhabende et bacber

Lat. In the civil law. Offered theft. Oblatum furtum dicitur cum resfurtiva ab aliquo tibi oblata sit, eaque apud te concepia sit. Theft is called oblatum, when a thing stolen is o

Lat. [from fustis, q. v.] In old English law. A beating with sticks or clubs; one of the ancient kinds of punishment of malefactors. Bract. fol. 104 b, lib. 3, tr. 1, c. 6. See Spe

Lat. In old English law. A staff, used in making livery of seisin. JBract. fol. 40. A baton, club or cudgel. Fuste et scuta defenders; to defend with baton and buckler; that is, in

An estate to which a person is entitled in futuro; an estate in expectancy. 1 Steph. Com. 289. Of expectancies, there are at the common law two sorts; one called a reversion, the o

Lat. In old conveyancing. Those who are to be, or are hereafter to live. Sciant prcesentes et futuri, quod ego, (&c.; Know those who are present, and those who are to be, that I, A

Lat. or Sax. In old English law. An offence mentioned in the laws of King Henry I. (c. 11,) the fine or compensation for which was reserved to the king. Spelman conjectures it to h

Fird, Ferd. Sax. In Saxon law. An army; a military expedition; military service. Fyrd ships. LL. Eikdred. V. § 27. See Firdfare, Firdwite. G. G, in Law French, is frequently used a

Gavel. [L. Lat. gabella, gabellum, gablum; from Sax. gafol, gafel, qq. v.] In old English law. A tax, duty, impost, custom or tribute; a rent or service. Cowell.

Lat. [Fr. gabelle.] In old European law. A tax or duty on merchandise, or personal property. Spelman, Cowell. A tax on salt in France. Spelman. Brande. Gabellatus, a collector of t

Gabellum. L. Lat. [from Sax. gafol, gafel, qq. v.] In old English law. A rent. Domesday. LL. Ince, c. 66. Hagas reddentes novem libras de gablo; houses paying nine pounds of rent.

Gabulum, Gabula. L. Lat. In old records. The head, end or extreme part of a house or building; the gable, or gable end. Kennett's Gloss. Cowell.

Gafole, Gafel, Gaful. Sax. Rent, or income; tax, tribute or custom. Bere gafol; a rent payable in barley. Gafol land or gaful land; rented land; land letten for rent, (terra censa.

Sax. [from gafol, rent, and gild, payment.] The payment of rent or income. Gafolgildenhuse; a house paying an annual rent. Spelman, voc. Gabella.

Estates in. Estates held as security; of which mortgages are the most common examples. See Mortgage.

Fr. [L. Lat. vadiare,] In old English law. To give or find security or surety for doing a thing; to wage. Gager ley; to wage law; to give security for making it. Britt. c. 27. Thel

Gaignere. L.Fr. Wainage. Kelham. See Gainage.

Fr. Gainery; busbandry. Kelham.

Fr. To till or cultivate; to obtain by husbandry. Kelham.

[L. Fr. gainer, q. v.] In old English law. To cultivate or till. See Gainer, Gainage, Arable land was called hyde and gain. Co. Litt. 85 b.

Fr. & Eng. [L. Lat. gainagium, wainagium; L. Fr. gaignage, from Fr. gainer, to cultivate; or Sax. waen, a wain or wagon.] In old English law. Implements of husbandry or plough tack

Gaigner, Gayner. L. Fr. To cultivate, plough or till. Bestes queux gainont sa terre; beasts which gain or till his land. Stat. 51 Hen. III. cited 2 Inst. 132. See Gayner.

[L. Fr. gaignarie.] In old English law. Tillage, or the profit of tillage. Blount. See Gainer.

In old English law. A sokeman; one who occupied or cultivated arable land. 0. N. B. fol. 12.

Gagium. L. Lat. In old European law. A thick wood. LL. Longob. lib. 1, tit. 25, 1. 38. Spelman,

Galeia, Galeida. L. Lat. In old records. A piratical vessel; a galley. Spelman. Pyratae cum galeiis alta maris custodientes; pirates keeping the high seas with their gallies. Matt.

Fr. Wales. Stat. Westm. 1, c. 17. North Gales; North Wales. Litt. sect. 265.

Gallyhalfpence. A kind of coin which, with suskins and dotkins, was prohibited by the statute 3 Hen. V. c. 1. 4 Bl. Com. 99. 3 Reeves' Hist. 261. Said to have been a Genoa coin, br

[L. Fr. galon; L. Lat. galo, qq. v.] A measure of capacity, adopted in New-York as the unit or standard from which all other measures of capacity are to be derived and ascertained.

Lat. In old European law. A stroke or blow. L. Boior. tit. 2, c. 4, § fin. Spelman.

Lat. In old European law. A son or child bom in lawful marriage. LL. Longob. lib. 2, tit. 55, 1. 7. Spelman. A child bom of persons betrothed, but not actually married. Id.

All such animals as are ferae naturae and objects of the chase. 2 Bl. Com. 410. Wharton's Lex. Defined by a late English statute (1 & 2 Will. IV. c. 32,) as including hares, pheasa

Laws for the preservation of game; usually specifying at what times, by what means, (and, in some cases, by what persons,) certain descriptions of shall be pursued and taken.* The

The act or practice of playing any gSLme, particularly games of ha* zard; which in certain cases is an indictable offence. Lewis' U. S. Crim. Law, 335 — 348. 1 Russell on Crimes, 3

In old European law. Murdered; secretly slain or made away with. Si servus furtivo modo, supradicto more occisus fuerit, et ita absconsus, quod gemurdrit dicunt; if a slave be secr

In English ecclesiastical law. An ecclesiastical benefice, attaching to the office of canon. Holthouse. 1 Man. dt Gr. 626.

[L. Fr. gaole; L. Lat gaola, qq. v.] A place of confinement or safe keeping.* Commonly defined also as a prison^ from which, however, it seems properly to be distinguishable; a gao

Lat. In old English law. A gaol. Bract. fol. 100, 110. Ad gaolam deliberandam; ad gaolas deliberandas; for delivering a gaol or gaols. Id. ibid. Reg. Jud. 30. Committatur gaolae de

[L. Fr. deliveraunce de gaole.'] In criminal law. The delivery or clearing of a gaol of the prisoners confined therein, by trying them; the gaol being considered as delivered by th

Fr. In old English law. A gaol. Envoye a nostre gaole; sent to our gaol. Britt. c. 15. Le pleyntyfe soit mys en la gaole, et illonqspuny par prison et par Jin; the plaintiff shall

The keeper of a gaol. The sheriff is considered as the keeper of the gaol of his county; the actual keeper being, in contemplation of law, only the sheriff's deputy. 3 Steph. Com.

(fee. See De clerico convicto, <fec. CLERICO INFRA SACROS OR-

Lat. A warranty. Spelman. See Garantia.

Garandia, Garantum. L. Lat. [In English law, tvarrantia, toarrantum; Lomb. toarens; Sax. spec, toarenda, warendatio: all from the Sax. weeren, to keep or protect.] In Norman law. A

Lomb. In old Lombardic law. A gift; a free or absolute gift; a gift of the whole of a thing. LL. Longob. lib. 2, tit. 17, 1. 1. Id. tit. 15. 11. 1, 3. Spelman.

Garraunt, Garant. L. Fr. In old English law. A party called upon, or who might be called upon to warrant fmother; a youchee; a party warranting. De garaant vocher; of warrant voucl

Garraunter. L. Fr. To warrant. Garaunter en un sen signyfie a defendre le tenaunt en sa seisine, et en un autre sen signifie que si il ne le defende, que le garaunt luy soil tenu a

Fr. A warrantor; a vouchee. Britt, c. 24. Oaraunte; a warrantee; a person warranted. Id. ibid,

Lat. [L. Fr. ^ar5e.] In old English law. A bundle or sheaf. Blada in garbis; com or grain in sheaves. Beg. Orig. 96. Bract, fol. 209. See Charta de Foresta, c. 7. Garba sagittarum;

In old English statutes. To sort or cull out the good from the bad in spices, drugs, <kc. Uowell. Blount, voce. Garbling, Garbler.

Gard. L. Fr. [Lat. custodia.] Custody; care or keeping; ward. Que ad garde de prisons; who has the keeping of prisons. Stat. Westm. 1, c. 15. La garde de cors; custody of the body.

Gardeyn. L. Fr. [from garde or garder, qq. v.] A guardian. Britt, c. 35, 81. Utt. sect. 48, 116. Gardein is used as an English word m Coke Littleton. Co. Litt. 38 b. A keeper. Brit

Fr. To keep. Sauvemmt gardes; safely kept. Britt. c. 87.

Fr. A guardian. Britt. c. 35. See Gardein. A garden. Britt, c. 53.

Lat. [from Fr. gardein.] In old English law. A guardian, defender or protector. In feudal law, gardio. Spelman. A warden. Gardianus ecclesice; a church-warden. See Defensor. Ckirdi

Lat. In old English law. A garden. Beg. Grig. 1 b, 2.

Fr, A warren; a privileged place for keeping animals. Briit. c. 19. Bestes sauvages pris hors de place defendue et garene; wild animals taken out of a place prohibited and protecte

Fr. [from garner, q. v.] Furniture; clothing; a garment. Obligacion doit estre vestue de v. maneres de garnementz; obligation may be clothed in five kinds of garments. Britt. c. 28