A New Law Dictionary and Glossary

Lat. [from Fr. franche or frank, free.] In old English law. A freeman. Sciatis me dedisse — cum villanis et franchilano, nomine Hamone, &c.: Know ye that I have given — with the vi

Fr. A Eng. [L. Yr. fraunchise, from fraunch, free; L. Lat. Jranchesia, francisia.'] In English law. A liberty; a privileged place, (locus immunis.) Spelman. Fur enckeson des franch

Lat. France. Bract fol. 427 b.

Lat, [from^ra^rcus, French, and genitus, born.] In old English law. A Frenchman; one born in France. Sunt aliqui Francigenae in Fran' da, qui sunt ad fidem utriusque \regis\: there

Lat. A franchise. Sj)elnum.

Franclin. [L. Fr. fraunclein; L. Lat. franchilanus.] In old English law. A freeman, (libertus;) a freeholder, or free tenant, (qui libere tenet.) Spelman.

Lat. [from L. Fr. franc.] In old European law. Free. See infra. A freeman, (liber.) Spelman. A powerful man, (un homme puissant,) as distinguished from debilior persona, in the cap

Lat. [L. Fr. frank bank.] In old English law. Free bench. Consuetudo est in partibus illis quod uxores maritorum defunctorum habeant francum bancum suum de terris sockmannorum. Bra

Lat. In old European law. A free man. Domesday. Apud duodecim homines bene francos Sali" cos; before twelve good free Salic men. Spelman. Form. Solenn. c. 168, cited ibid.

Lat. In old English law. A frank pledge, or free pledge. Spelman, voc. Prancus. See Frank pledge. A decennary or friborg, ( properly /rancum plegium.) Alium recipere in franco pleg

Lat In old English law. A frank or free tenant; a freeholder; (libere tenens.) Spelman^ voc. Francus. One who freely holds lands or estates of his lord. Id. Si quis obierii francus

Franclein, Frankleyne. L. Fr. & O. Eng. [L. Lat. franchilanus.] In old English law. A freeholder, freeman or gentleman, (libertus, libertinus, municeps;) the opposite of a villein.

Franc, Fraune, Fraunche. L. Fr. Free. Et pur ceo que e Uctions doient estre franks, cy defend le roy sur la greeve forfeiture que nul haute home, ne auter, per poyer des armes, ne

Fr. A Eng. [L. Fr. fraunche aumone; L. Lat. /t6mi eleemosyna.] In English law. Free alms. A spiritual tenure whereby a religious corporation, aggregate or sole, holds lands of the

Fr. [L. Lat. francus bancus.\ In old English law. Free bench. Litt. sect. 166. Co. Litt. 110 b. See Free Bench.

[L. Lat libera chacea.] In English law. Free chase. The hberty or franchise of having a chase. FRANK FEK [L. Lat. liberum feodum, or feudum.] In English law. A species of tenure in

[L. Fr. fraunk ferme; L. Lat. libera firma.] In English law. Lands in socage tenure, described by Britton as lands and tenements whereof the nature of the fee is changed by feoffme

See Faldage.

[L. "Er.fraanche ley; L. Lat. libera Ux, lex terroe.'] In old English law. The liberty of being sworn m courts, as a juror or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman, o

[L. Lat. franchilanus, q. v.] In old English law. A substantial householder; a freeman or gentleman. Fortescue de L. L. Angliae, c. 29, and note (m). In modern spelling, a franklin

[L. Lat. liberum maritagium.] In English law. A species of entailed estate now grown out of use, but still capable of subsisting. It is defined to be, where tenements are given by

[L. Fr. fraunk pl^gge y L. Lat. francus plegius, francum plegium, franciplegium.] In English law. A free pledge; a decennary, tithmg or friborg; so called because every freeman com

Fr. A freeholder. Litt. sect. 91.

Fr. [L. Lat. liberum tenementum.] In English law. A free tenement, freeholding or freehold. 2 Bl. Com. 61, 62, 104. 1 Steph. Com. 217. Bract. fol. 207. Used to denote both the tenu

Lat. [Fr. frere.] A brother. Frater consanguineus; a brother by the father's side. 2 Bl. Com. 232. Frater uterinus; a brother by the mother's side; a uterine brother. Id. Frater nu

Lat. [from frater, a brother.] In old records. A fraternity, brotherhood, or society of religious persons, who were mutually bound to pray for the good health and life, &c., of the

[L. Fr. fraude; Lat fraus, dolus malm, dolus.^ Any cunning, deception or artifice, used to circumvent, cheat or deceive another; {pmnem callidiiatem,fallaciam, mackinationem ad cir

Lat. [from fraus, q. v.] In the civil law. To deceive, cheat or impose upon; to defraud. Neai* Hdietar No one seems [is supposed] to deceive those who know and consent. Dig. 50. 17

Fraud which consists in, or appears from matter of fact as found by a jury; as distinguished from fraud in law, (q. v.) Actual or positive fraud, which must be proved; as distingui

Fraud, in contemplation of law; fraud implied or inferred by law; fraud made out by construction of law, as distinguished from fraud found by a jury from matter of fact; constructi

STATUTE OF. The celebrated statute of 29 Charles II. c. 3, passed A. D. 1677, otherwise called the Statute of Frauds and Perjuries; styled by an eminent commentator, "the most comp

A conveyance, the object, tendency or effect of which is to defraud another, or the intent of which is to avoid some debt or duty due by, or incumbent on the party making it.* See

Fr. Free. Fraunche ley; frank-law. Britt, c, 52. Ascuns fraunches, et ascuns enserves; some free and some bound. Id, c. 54.

Fr. A franchise; a liberty; a place of exclusive jurisdiction. Britt, c. 19. An exclusive privilege. Id, ibid. Freedom; liberty, as distinguished from bondage. £n favour de fraunch

Fraunc Je, L. Fr. Free; frank. Fraunck estate; a free estate. Britt. c. 31. Fraunk home; a freeman. Id, ibid. Fraunk ferme; frank or free farm. Id. c. 66. Fraunk tenement; a free t

Fr. Fraud. Sauns fraude fairs; without committing fraud. Britt. c. 16.

Lat. [from fraxinus, an ash.] In old English law. A wood of ashes; a place where ashes grow. Co. Litt. 4 b. Shep. Touch. 95.

Fretare. L. Lat. In old English law. To freight or load a vessel. Frectatus; freighted. Navis frectata seu fretata; a ship freighted, a laden vessel. Cowell. Fretati fuerunt cum vi

Frettum. L. Lat. In old English law. Freight. Quoad frectum navium suarum; as to the freight of his vessels. Blount. Plac. Pari. 21 JEdw. I. cited ibid.

Freda, Fredus. L. Lat. [from Sax. fred, fride, peace.] In old European law. A sum or price paid to the magistrate, as a recompense for the protection which he afforded against the

[Sax. /reo; Lai. liber; L. Lat. franetu; L. Fr. fraunc,fraunckt/raunche.] Not bond or servile; not subject to servitude; as & freeman, (q. v.) Certain or honorable; the opposite of

[L. Fr. frank bank; L. Lat. francus bancus, liber bancus, libera sedesJ] In English law. Dower in copyhold lands. 2 Bl. Com. 129.— That estate in copyhold lands which a wife has af

[L. Lat. fram^bordus.'] In old records. An allowance of land over and above a certain limit, or boundary, as so much beyond, or without a fence. CowelL Blovnt. 2 Mon. Angl. fol. 24

[L. Lat. libera capella.] In English law. A chapel, or place of worship, so called, because exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary or diocesan. It is always of royal founda

[L. Lat. libera piscaria.] In English law. An exclusive right of fishing in a public river, [being a species of] royal franchise. 2 BL Com. 39. 2 Steph, Com. 22. — An exclusive rig

[L. Lat. liberum tenemenium; L, Fr. frank tenement.] In English law. An estate either of inheritance or for life, in lands or tenements of free tenure. 1 Steph. Com. 217. — A posse

[L. Lat. liber tenens; L. Fr. frank tenant.^ He who possesses a freehold estate. A free tenant; one who holds freely, (qui libere tenet.) This was anciently the peculiar right of a

is where lands or tenements are descended to a man, and he may enter into them when he will; before his entry he has a freehold in law; after entry, he has a freehold in deed or fa

[Lat. liber homo.] In civil and general law. One born or made free; the opposite of a slave. Inst. 1. 3, 4, 5. Omnis homo aut est liber aut est servus. Bract. fol. 4 b. See Liber h

In English law. A list of all persons admitted burgesses or freemen for the purpose of those rights which are reserved by the Municipal Corporation Act, (6 <fe 6 Will. IV. c. 76,)

[L. Lat. libera servitia.] In feudal and old English law. Such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freeman to perform; as to serve under his lord

In international law. Neutral vessels, sometimes so called. It is sometimes stipulated in treaties that free ships shall make free goods; that is, that enemy's property on board of

[L. Lat. liberum socagium!] A tenure by some certain and determinate service, (usually in England, fealty and rent;) called free, because the service was not only certain but honor

[L. Lat. liberi sokemanni.] In old English law. Tenants in free socage. Glanv. lib. 3, c. 7. 2 Bl. Com. 79.

[L. Lat. libera warrena,] In English law. A royal franchise granted to a subject for the preservation or ctistody, (which the word toarren signifies,) of certain animals called bea

[L. Lat. naulum, fretum; L. Fr. freit.] In maritime law. The price or sum paid for the actual transportation of goods by sea, from one place to another. 3 Kent's Com. 219. In a lar

In maritime law. The party by whom a vessel is engaged or chartered; otherwbe called the charterer, 2 Steph. Com. 184.

Sax. The ancient name of an outlaw {uilaugke,) in England; so called, according to Brae ton, because he forfeited his friends, (quod forisfacit ami- COS;) all persons being forbidd

Sax. [from yr«m(f, a friend, and wite, a penalty.] In old English law. A fine exacted of one who harbored an outlawed friend. Wharton*s Lex. An acquittance or immunity from forefan

Fr. Furiously insane; a madman. Frentikes en lour rage. Briit. c. 28. Hence frantic.

Freoborghes, Freoborhes. Sax. [from freo, free, and borh, or borhes, a pledge.] In Saxon law. A free surety, or free pledge. Spelman, voc. Friborga. 2 Inst. 73. Lord Coke observes

Sax. [from freoborhee, a free pledge, and heofod, head.] In Saxon law. The head of a friborg or free pledge; a chief pledge. Spelman, voc. Friborga. Fr«qae Btis actus maliam •perat

Fr. A brother. Frere eyne; elder brother. Frere pusne; younger brother. Britt. c, 75.

Lat. In old records, ^resh water, or rain and land flood. CowelL Somner Gavelkind, p. 132, cited ibid. See Frisca.

Fr. Fresh or new. Britt. c. 5. Freschement; freshly, newly. Id. cc. 15, 43.

[L. Lat. friecus; L. Fr. fresche; Lat. recens.] In old English law. Recent, or new. See Fresh disseisin. Fresh force. Without profit; a term applied in the old books to land. Celug

[L. Fr. freschf disseisins; L. Lat. frisca seu recens disseima.] By the ancient common law, where a man had been disseised, he was allowed to right himself by force, by ejecting th

In old English law. A fine that had been levied within a year past. Stat. Westm. 2, c. 45. Cowell.

[L. Fr. fresche force; L. Lat. frisca fortia.l In old English law. Force, (that is, disseisin or deforcement) newly done. Britt. c. 32. F. N. B. 7. C. A term applied to force commi

[L. Lat. recens insecutio.] In English law. Immediate or speedy pursuit, or prosecution. The pursuit of an offender, or felon, as a thief, immediately, or as soon as possible after

Lat. In old English law. Freight money. Cowell. Rot, Ctaus. Il Johan. m. 16, cited ibid.

Lat. A strait. Fretum Britanicum; the strait between Dover and Calais, otherwise called Fretum Gallicum, and Fretum Morinorum, Cowell, Appendix.

Sax. [from friborgh, a free pledge, and heofod, head.] A chief pledge, or head of a friborg. LL. Edw. Conf. c. 19.

Frithburgus. [from Sax. frith, peace, and borg, a pledge.] In old English law. A kind of frankpledge, by which the lords or principal men were made responsible for their dependents

Fridstow, Frithstow- Sax. [from /rid or frith, peace, and stol, a seat, or chair, or tttow, a place.] In Saxon law. A seat, chair or place of peace, {cathedra pads;) an asylum, ref

[from Anglo-Germ, fre, Sax. freo, free, and laschen, to let go.] In old European law. A freedman; one emancipated from bondage, {manumissus, libertus, libertinus.) Spelman, Qrabb's

Lat. [from Anj^lo- Sax. fire, free, and ling, offspring.] Persons of free descent, or freemen born; the middle class of persons among the Saxons. Spel Tnan.

Lat. [from Fr. fresche.] In old English law. Recent or new. Frisca fortia; fresh force; force recently committed, (vis nupera et recenter illata.) Spelman. Reg. Orig. 108 a. Fresh,

Fridh. Sax. Peace. Spelman.

Sax. [from frith, peace, and borg, a pledge; L. Lat. frithborga, frithborgus.] In Saxon law. A pledge or surety for the peace, (pacis securitas.) Sometimes confounded with friborg,

Sax. [from frith, peace, and bote, compensation.] In Saxon law. A compensation, satisfaction or fine for breach of the peace. LL. Ina, c. 23. Crabb's Hist. Eng. Law, 39. Otherwise

Sax. [from frith, peace, and brech, a breaking.] In Saxon law. A breach or violation of the peace. LL. Ethelred, c. 6. Cowell.

Frithsocen. Sax. [from frith, peace, and socne, a liberty or franchise.] In Saxon and old English law. A liberty, franchise, or jurisdiction to keep the peace, (tuenda pacis jurisd

Freomortel. Sax. [from freo, free, and mortdaed, murder.] In Saxon law. An immunity or freedom granted for committing murder, or manslaughter. This word occurs in an old rhyming ch

Friborgh. [L. Lat. friborga, friborgus, from Sax. freo, free, and borh or borfes, a pledge.] In Saxon and old English law. A free pledge, or frankpledge; one of the ancient Saxon n

Lat. [from fructus, fruit, or increase.] In the civil law. One who had the usufruct of a thing; i. e. the use of the fruits, profits, or increase, as of land or animals. Inst. 2. 1

Lat. In the civil law. Fruit, fruits; produce; profit or increase; the organic productions of a thing. 1 Mackeld. Civ, Law, 166, § 154. Fruetus fundi; the fruits of land. Inst, 2.

Lat. In the civil law. Civil fruits; the profits, returns or compensation which a man receives from another, for the use or enjoyment of a thing. 1 Mackeld. Civ. Law, 157, § 154. C

(or

) Lat. Industrial fruits, or fruits of industry. Those fruits of a thing, as of land, which are produced by -the labor and industry of the occupant, as crops of grain; as distingui

Lat. In the civil law. Natural fruits. Those fruits or profits of land, or other thing, which are produced solely by the powers of nature, as the fruit of trees, the young, milk an

Lat. In the civil law. The fruits of a thing, while united with the thing which produces them. Called also fruetus stantes. Big, 47. 2. 26. 1. Id. 24. 3. 7. 15. Id. 7. 1. 27. pr. 1

Sax. [from form, or formam, first, and gyld, a payment.] In Saxon law. The first payment made to the kin of a slain person, in recompense of his murder. LL. Edmundi, c. ult. Termes

Sax. [from form, or formam, first, and stol, a seat.] In Saxon law. A chief seat, or mansion house. LL. Ince, c. 38. Cowell.

Lat. In old records. Uncultivated and desert ground. 9 Mon. Angl, 827, CowelL

lu Lat. In old records. To break up. Frussare terram; to break or plough up new ground. Cowell.

Lat. [from Fr. froussure.] In old records. A breaking, or breaking up. Frussura domorum; housebreaking. Gervas. Dorobern. A. D. 1195. Cowell. Frussura terrae; new broke land, or la

Lat. In vain; to no purpose. Frustra est potentia quae nunquam venit in actum. That power is to no purpose which never comes into act, or which is never exercised. 2 Co. 51. Frustr

Lat. In old records. A place overgrown with shrubs and bushes. Spelman, Blount.

Fyrmth, Sax. In Saxon law. A taking in; the affording harbor and entertainment to any one. Wharton's Lex, Properly firm or firma. See Fle^ menfirma,