A Dictionary of Law

Sabbath and Sunday are used indiscriminately to denote the Christian Sabbath. 1 See Sunday. SiEVITIA. L. Raging, ferocity: fierceness, savageness, barbarity, cruelty, violence. In

See Police, 2; Welfare. SAID; AFORESAID. As employed in legal writings, convey certainty of reference. When a name, once introduced into a pleading, is repeated, the repetition mus

A stipulation in a charter-party that the vessel is " now sailed or about to sail with cargo," is a stipulation that she has her cargo on board and is ready to sail.' Sailing. With

Originally, a large public room or parlor; now, usually, a place where intoxicating liquors are sold.^ A licensed saloon-keeper is, therefore, a person licensed to sell intoxicatin

See Lex, Salus populi, etc.

^ 1. Allowance for saving a ship or goods from the danger of the seas, from fire, pirates, or enemies. 6 The compensation allowed to persons by whose assistance a ship or vessel or

Refers to the next antecedent.' Does not always mean identical; frequently, of the kind or species, though not the specific thing; is often a substitute for a word used hefore, and

' In the law of sales, that which is taken out of a large quantity as a representative of the whole; a part shown as a specimen.'" The fair import of the exhibition of a sample is

' 1. Exemption of a place, consecrated to religious duties, from criminal arrests.' As a plea, introduced at a time when superstitious veneration was paid to consecrated ground. Th

i Whole in mind; healthy in mind; of sound mind. Insane; nonsane. Not whole, sound, or healthy in mental faculties; unable, from nature or accident, to perform the rational functio

See Pueblo. Sanction. The vindicatory branch of the law, whereby it is signified, what evil or penalty shall be incurred by such as commit any public wrong, and trespass or neglect

See Commerce; Health; Quarantine, 3; Police, 2.

See Sine.

1. To supply fully, with what is required; to free from doubt or uncertainty; to set the mind at rest; to convince. " To satisfy fully " is to exclude all doubts, reasonable or oth

1. To reserve, exempt out of; to pi-eserve. Statutes allowing summary convictions " save " the right of trial by jury. A saving totally repugnant to the body of a statute is Void."

See Bank, 3 (2).,. SC. See SciEE, Scilicet.

3 1. In scandalum magnatum, words spoken in derogation of a peer, judge, or other high officer of the realm. Formerly, more reprehensible than defamation of a common or private per

Schedules are annexed to constitutions, statutes, answers, depositions, petitions in insolvency, bankruptcy, and probate courts, and to other documents, in order to exhibit in deta

The "scheme of a statute'' means the scope or extent of operation in- ■ tended for it by the enacting body. 2

Separation; division. " In case a schism or division shall take place in a society " means in case a society shall separate, divide, or become partitioned, without reference to its

A place for instruction, particularly for the young. In the constitution of California, " schools " refers to common or public schools, such as are organized for the sole purpose o

See Scire, Scienter.

See Scire, Facias. SCIETfCE. In its broadest sense, knowledge; the knowledge of many, methodically digested and arranged, so as to be attainable by many; a body of principles and d

See Scire, Scilicet.

A spark, a glimmer; the smallest particle. Scintilla juris. A spark of right or law; the smallest particle of legal interest. Designated a fiction resorted to to enable a feoffee t

To be aware of; to learn; to know., Scire facias. That you cause to be known. A writ for a defendant to appear in court on a day named to show cause why the plaintiff should not ha

Designatio uniixs. See Bzpkbssio, Unius, etc. DESIGNATION". The use of an expression, instead of the name, to indicate a person or thing. Compare Demonstration, 3.

A troublesome and angry woman, who, by brawling and wrangling among her neighbors, breaks the public peace, increases discord, and becomes a nuisance to the neighborhood. At common

Certain duties paid by those who exercised the elective franchise within cities and boroughs.^ A customary contribution laid on subjects according to their ability.'

Scrambling possession: a struggle for the possession of land on the land itself.'

See Sceoll.

" A certificate or schedule. Evidence of the right to obtain shares in a pub- 1 [United States v. Eoyall, 3 Cranch, C. C. 622 (1829): Jacob's Law Diet. 2 4 Bl. Com. 168. 3 James v.

6 A writing; an original writing. In England, a testamentary document of any kind, including even written instructions for drafting the document. Aflldavit of script. An afl Sdavit

'' A writer for another; a draughtsman; a scribe: as, the scrivener of a will, deed, or other document. Originally, a person with whom people deposited money to be laid out when he

A flourish made with a pen, around " L. S." or "Seal," and intended for a seal. May consist of a circle, a scalloped curved line, or even of brackets, written opposite the place of

See Statuary. SE. See Sui, Se.

See Sea, Seaman.

A careful examination; an examination or inspection authorized by law. It may be (1) of legal records in their proper office, for acts and proceedings affecting title to realty, su

Settled; actually occupied. Opposed, unseated. Said of land, in earlier legislation. Residence without cultivation or cultivation without residence constitutes seated land. Tempora

See Secundum. SECESSIOK". See Government, De facto.

See Rent, Eent-seck.

See Distress; Exchange, 3; Mortgage; Punishment.

See Conveyance; Evidence; Use, 2.

See Battery; Duel.

See Conceal; Dispose, 2; Equity; Lien; Partner; Possession, Adverse; Sbohete.

See Agent: Department; Desceiptio; Directors.

Applies to any making away with property which puts it unlawfully out of the reach of a creditor.* May be by putting legal impediments in the way by which he is prevented from gett

STATE'S. See Communi- ^CATION, Privileged, 1.

See Religion; Sectarian.

See Suit, 1.

A religious sect is a hody or number of persons united in tenets, but constituting a distinct organization or party •by holding sentiments or doctrines different Jrom those of othe

See Lands, Public; Parcel, 2.

Following; according to. Secundum allegata et probata. According to allegations and proofs. See Alle-

2 1. To make safe or certain: to protect, insure, save, ascertain.' Congress may secure to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.*

Otherwise; to the contrary effect.

A tract of land below high-water mark.^ See Meadow.

8 " Seduce " and " entice " are often used indifferently in the old, and sometimes in the later, books. A journeyman was said to be seduced when enticed away from his employer's se

2 The possession of land under a claim, either express or implied by law, of an estate amounting at least to a freehold. » See Seisina. Ordinarily, a possession in fact by one havi

Actual possession of an estate of freehold; seisin, q. v. Habere facias seisinam. That you cause to obtain seisin. The emphatic words of a writ of execution by which the sheriff de

See Council, 2. Selectman. In several States, management of the public affairs of towns is intrusted to boards of officers called selectmen.

See Sale; Retail. Compare Bis-

^ It seems; seemingly. In written decisions, and in notes to cases, indicates that the statement following is an expression of opinion as to what a decision on the particular point

See Oath, Suppletory.. SEMINARY. Has no definite legal meaning; is used in a general way to designate institutions for the promotion of learning. 6 In a statute exempting from taxa

Always; ever. » Miller v. United States, 11 Wall. 296 (1870), Strong, J. 2 The Segunda, 10 Wheat. 32B (1826), Story, J. ' Lotteries, 1 6 Op. Att-Gen, 5 (1878), " « Greene v. Pacifi

In New York reports, senator.

See Congress; House, 3.

In military usage, "senior" may refer to the person longest in continuous service. Webster defines the adjective as meaning "more advanced in life; older in office or dignity; prio

Sense; signification. Mains sensus. The bad sense. In malo sensu, or malo sensu. In the less favorable acceptation. Mitior sensus. The milder meaning. In mitiori sensu. In the more

1; RESCISSION; WiLL, 1; Wittingly. Compare NosciTUR; Scire. 2. Sexual bodily connection: carnal knowledge.' " Carnally knew " is the technical phrase used in charging rape, 3. u.

* A final determination by a criminal court, or (but less frequently) by a court of admiralty. 1 See 3 Bl. Com. 303. « State ex rel. Belford v. Hueston, 44 Ohio St. 6 (1886), Spear

! 1, V. To part company. See Jury, p. 585, c. 2. 2, adj. Severed or severable; set apart; distinct; existing, belonging to, enjoyed, maintained or maintainable by or for one person

The place where the body of a human being is buried; a grave. Violation of sepulcher is the misdemeanor of will fully and unlawfully opening a tomb, vault, or grave, and clandestin

^ Separating or setting aside a thing in controversy from the possession of the contending parties. 1. Gathering and taking care of the fruits and profits of a vacant benefice for

In a series: severally; successively: as, the judges delivered opinions seriatim; questioiis to be answered seriatim.

"Serious bodily harm" is synonymous with " great bodily harm." 7

1. An assistant about the work of a household; a menial; a domestic; a family servant. A person hired for wages to work as the employer may direct. ^ A hireling who makes a part of

See Consideration, 3; Deposit, 1; Subscribe, 2.

See Easement.

1. The condition of a person who is bound to the performance of services. Involuntary servitude. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereo

1. n. All of several duplicates considered together: as, a set of exchange, q. v. A lease of mines has been called a "mining set." 2. v. In conjunction with other words, has receiv

1. In law, when the defendant acknowledges the justice of the plaintiff's demand on the one hand, but, on the other, sets up a demand of his own, to counterbalance that of the plai

1. To set or determine the form of; as, to settle — a bill of exceptions, interrogatories, an issue. See under Exception, 4. 3. (1) To reside; to gain a right to maintenance: as, f

To separate, divide, disjoin. Co-defendants may either all plead jointly the same defease, or each may plead a separate defense. The latter course is termed " severing " and '* sev

Will apply to an underground structure for conducting the water of a natural stream, as well as to a structure used exclusively for surface flpw.s The duties of municipal authoriti

See Citizen; Dubess; Influence. SHAIili. As against the government, in a statute construed " may,'' unless a contrary intention is manifest.^ Construed " must " in order to sustain

A portion of anything: as, a share of stock, a share in an estate, a widow's share. 5 See Paet, 1; Portion. A share in a corporation is a right to participate in the profits, or in

In the sense of authorizing summary action, is used (perhaps locally) of a clause in a, mortgage or bond, or of the whole instrument itself, which provides for proceedings in execu

To buy any security for money, at a discount; also, to obtain the property of another by oppression and extortion. To charge a man with using money lor " shaving ",is not, -within

See Animal. If a ewe is stolen, it must be so called in the indictment; a lamb must be called a lamb; "sheep" is proper only where the animal is a wether.' See Worry. Sheep-shears.

The limitation of a remainder, in fee-simple or fee-tail, to a person who already has an estate of freehold, is governed by a rule of law known as the rule in Shelley's Case — a ca

1 An officer who represents the administrative power of a State within one of its counties; an officer who executes the mandates of the courts of record within a county; the chief

See Inhekitancb; Use, 3.

1. The Anglo-Saxon soipe, state, office, calling, destiny. As, in citizenship, exeoutor Ehip, guardianship, heirship. Judgeship, mastership, membership, partnership, receivership,

See Game, 2. Shooting at a mark is lawful, but not necessary, and may be dangerous, and the law requires extraordinary care to prevent injury to others. If the act is done where th

A place kept and used for the sale of goods. * In this country shops for the sale of goods are frequently called "stores." 'i See further Store, 2; Burglary. ■ FMarsh. Ins. ed. 180

See Beach; Navigable; On; Riparian; Sea.

"Show" and "indicate" are not always interchangeable. "To show" is to make apparent or clear by evidence, to prove; an "indication" may be merely a symptom, that which points to, o

See Sheriffalty.

See Crank; Pettifogger. Has reference to the professional character and standing of a lawyer. Hence, in an action for libeling one, as respects his character as a lawyer, by the us

Compare Along. " Fences on the sides of a railroad " may mean fences on the spaces between the road-bed and the outer lines of the company's land; not necessarily on the dividing l